ABOUT sikkim
Tucked away in the foothills of the Himalayas, Sikkim is a Himalayan wonderland with its lovely views and exotic orchids, and its forest-trails. A virtual Shangrila overlooked by Mt. Kanchenjunga, the world’s third highest peak, Sikkim is attractive equally for the sightseer, the adventure sports enthusiast and those interested in Buddhism and Tibetology. Buddhism is the predominant religion here, with many fine old monasteries rich with frescoes, religious paintings on silk and statues of the Buddha’s various incarnations.

Gangtok, the "Lofty Hill" or the "Hill made flat to build the Gangtok monastery in 1716". Gangtok is a city, which, till one sees it, one would believe exists only in picture-story books. In the mystery-laden mists prayer flags whip in the breeze; wheels spin in the hands of Lamas mumbling invocations to God, in the distance are the snows, on the streets amidst brightly painted pagoda roofed houses, lined with friendly smiling people are silver, silk and spice and jewellery to gladden an maiden's heart, from across the seven seas are gadget and goods to delight the collector of "imported goods', while directly overlooking the city is the hill Lukshyma, the 'Mother of Pearl' citadel of the magic mountain, Khang-Chen-Dzod-Nga.

Sikkim is the 22nd state of India came into existence with effect from 26th April, 1975. Sikkim has been divided into four districts and each district has further been bifurcated into two sub-divisions for administrative purpose. Sikkim state being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas, is hilly having varied elevation ranging from 300 to 8540 meters. But the habitable areas are only up to the altitude of 2100 mtrs. Constituting only 20% of the total area of the state. The highest portion of sikkim lies in its north west direction. A large number of mountains having altitudes of about seven thousand meters stands here with - Kanchenjunga (8598 m.), The third highest peak in the world. The high serrated, snow capped spurs and peaks of Kanchenjunga look attractive consisting of Kumbha Karna (7711 m.), Pendem (6706 m.), Narsingh (5825 m.), Kabru Dome (6545 m.), etc. A number of glaciers descends from eastern slopes of Kanchenjunga into Sikkim where snow clad line is found above 5300 mtrs.

The biggest of them is Zemu, from whose snout above Lachen monastery rises the river Teesta. Teesta is the main river and its main tributaries are Zemu, Lachung, Rangyong, Dikchu, Rongli, Rangpo and Rangit which form the main channel of drainage from the north to the south. It boasts of the great mount Kanchendzonga as its crown. Ethically Sikkim has mainly three groups of peopleviz. Nepalis, Bhutias, Lepchas. The local language is Nepali. English is the official language. This jewel- like mountain state of ethereal beauty with an area of 7299 sq. kms , nestles in the heart of Himalayas. Cradled in the manifold splendors of nature deep within the snow clad Himalayas is Sikkim's capitalGangtok. Wrapped in mists and clouds, a garden state with an incredible variety of rhododendrons & a host of other flowers SIKKIM "THE LAST SHANGRILA"

History of Sikkim
Sikkim was inhabited in pre-historic times by three tribes namelyNaong, Chang and the Mon.The Lepcha who entered Sikkim sometimes later absorbed them completely. The origin of Lepchas is shrouded in mistery but it seems that they belonged to the clan of the Nagas of the Mikir, Garo and Khasiahills which lie to the south of the Bramaputra valley. Some believe they came from somewhere on the borders of Tibet and Burma. According to their own tradition they came to Sikkim from the east in company with Jindaxs, who went to Nepal and shared their tradition. The Lepchas were a very peace loving people, deeply religious and shy, which characteristics they still have retained. They were in fact the children of nature, and worshipped nature or spirits of nature. These Lepcha lived quite close to the nature by way of leading sustenance. Some of them practiced shifting cultivation and raised grains like maize and millets. They led a tribal life at the beck and call of their tribal leader.

The credit of organizing them into some sort of a society goes to a person calledTur ve pa no.He was eventually elected leader of king called"Punu"sometimes in A. D. 1400. He was killed in a battle and was succeeded by three Kings -Tur Song Pa No, Tur Aeng Pa No and Tur Alu Pa No.The monarchy came to an end with the death of the last king. The Lepchas now resorted to the practice of electing a leader whose advice and counsel was sought on crucial matters and followed. The Tibetan migration in early 17th century led the Rongs to shift their habitats so as to avoid conflict. Meanwhile the struggle and conflicts among the followers of the"Yellow hats" and the "Red hats"in Tibet forced the latter to seek refuge in Sikkim, where they attained the status of aristocracy. Being aggressive they occupied lands, which was not registered by the docile Lepchas. TheseTibetan migrants(the Bhutias as they came to be known) who were followers of the sect of 'Red Hats' now tried to convert these Sikkimese"Worshippers of nature"to Buddhism.They succeeded to some extent, though the Lepchas tried to keep themselves aloof as far as possible. In order to avoid any possible opposition from the Lepchas, these immigrants now chose one venerable person Phuntsok Namgyal as the temporal and spiritual leader of Sikkim, whose ancestry they traced from a legendary prince, who founded theKingdom of Minvang in eastern Tibet in 9th century A.D.This dynasty ruled in the Chumbi and Teesta valley for a long time.

Somewhere in the Thirteenth century a prince namedGuru Tashi of Minyang dynasty in Tibethad a divine vision that he should go south to seek his fortune in"Denzong- the valley of rice". As directed by the divine vision he along with his family, which included five sons, headed in the southern direction. The family during their wandering came across theSakya Kingdomin which a monastery was being built at that time. The workers had not been successful in erecting pillars for the monastery. The elder son of Guru Tashiraised the pillar single handedly and thereby came to be known as "Kheye Bumsa" meaning the superior of ten thousand heroes.

The Sakya King offered his daughter in marriage toKhye Bumsa. Guru Tashisubsequently died andKhye Bumsasettled inChumbi Valleyand it was here that he established contacts with the Lepcha ChieftainThekong Tek in Gangtok.Khye Bumsabeing issueless went to Sikkim in the 13th century to seek the blessing ofThekong Tekwho was also a religious leader.Khye Bumsawas not only blessed with three sons by the Rong chief but he also prophesied that his successors would be the rulers of Sikkim. Out of gratitudeKhye BumsavisitedThekong Teka number of times. In due course of times the relationship ultimately culminated in a treaty of brotherhood between the two Chieftains at a place calledKabi Longtsok.This treaty brought about new ties of brotherhood between the Lepchas and the Bhutias.

Phuntsok (or penchu) Namgyalwas the next ruler. He was Guru Tenzing's son (great grandson of Guru Tashi) and was born in 1604.Phuntsok Namgyal'scrowning was charged with all the vivid fantacy and miraculous phenomenon that is befitting to so important an occasion. Three venerable lamas are said to have entered sikkim from three different direction direction at the same time. They met atYoksam(meaning three wise men) and began a debate on the desirability of having a temporal and religious head to rule over pagan Sikkim. Two of the lamas furthered their own claims but the third lama reminded them of the prophecy ofGuru Padamsambhavathat a man coming from east andPhuntsokby name would rule Sikkim. It was also told that none of them came from east hence the real man must be looked for. Messengers were sent to seek Phuntsok.Near Gangtok the desired youngman was found and lamas lost no time in crowning him the king. They seated him on a nearby rock slab and sprinkled water on him from the sacred urn. He was given one ofLhatsunChenpo's (the lama told about prophecy) names,Namgyal,and the title ofChogyal or religious king.It happened in the year 1642. TheNamgyal dynastyruled over Sikkim as hereditary kings for about 332 years.

Phuntsok Namgyal,the first consecrated ruler ruled over a vast territory, many times the size of present Sikkim. His kingdom touchedThangLa in the Tibet in the north,Tagong Lanear Paro in Bhutan in the east and the Titaliaon the borders of West Bengal andBihar in the south. The western borderTimarChortenon the Timar river in Nepal.Phuntsokthough a distant descendant of Indra bodhi was now a Bhutia by his domicile. He was persuaded by the lamas enthroning him asChogyal(Heavenly king or king who rules with righteousness) to seek recognition fromDalai Lama of Tibet.TheDalai LamarecognizedPhuntsok Namgyalas the ruler of the southern slopes of the Himalayas(Sikkim) and is also credited to have sent ceremonial present such as the silken scarf bearingDalai Lama's seal, the mitre(hat) of the Guru Rimpoche,the devil dagger (Phurpa) and the most precious sand image of the Guru. Consequently, the newly established Bhutia principality ofNamgyal Dynastywas tied to Tibetan theocracy. Since then up to 19th century, the Bhutia rulers of Sikkim looked up to Tibet for protection against political foes.Phuntsok Namgyalproved to be an efficient and capable administrator. He divided his kingdom into twelveDzongsi.e. districts and appointedDzongpanai.e. governorfor each. He also declared Mahayana Buddhism as the state religion, which continued to be the state religion under all theNamgyal rulers.He very tactfully kept the lepchas, Bhutias and Limbus together. The Governors were appointed from the lepchas who were then in majority. SinceYatungthe greatest commercial Tibetan center being nearer to Gangtok posed some danger, he shifted his capital to Yoksom.

ABOUT DARJEELING
Darjeeling, "Land of the Celestial Thunderbolt," was given to the British as a "gift" from the once-independent kingdom of Sikkim. Lying in the Himalayan foothills and entirely surrounded by snowcapped vistas, Darjeeling soon became the favorite summer resort of the British Raj during the heyday of Calcutta -- when Mark Twain visited, he exclaimed it was "the one land that all men desire to see, and having seen once by even a glimpse would not give that glimpse for the shows of the rest of the world combined." Today, the incredible view of the world's third-highest mountain, Mount Kanchenjunga (8,220 m / 27,400 ft.), is undoubtedly Darjeeling's best-loved attraction, though the town has also acquired a global reputation for producing the "champagne of teas," and retains some of its haunting Gothic Victorian ambience. Most visitors are here to pick up a permit and get acclimatized for hikes through the mountainous state of Sikkim. It's worth noting that if you want a sleepy colonial hill-station environment, with splendid flower-filled walks, this is not it. Head instead for near by Kalimpong, which offers a number of charming old-world accommodations.

Two nights in Darjeeling should be more than enough, particularly if you're moving on to other Himalayan foothill towns. As with most hill stations, Darjeeling involves a considerable amount of climbing, and you'll do well to avoid the ugly mess of lower Darjeeling, which is typically congested, with suspicious odors, confusing back alleys, and a jumble of paths and stairways. Stick to The Mall and Chowrasta (crossroads) in upper Darjeeling, where life proceeds at a polite pace, and you can enjoy leisurely walks, stopping for a cup of tea or to browse shops stuffed full of trinkets and artifacts.

Hisory
The success of the hill stations of Western India had induced the Government to do something for the citizens of Calcutta and the Bengal Presidency. An experimental station for ailing troops was opened at Cherrapunji in Assam, but it proved to be a wash-out-literally- as it turned out to be one of the wettest places in the world. But the government continued to look for an alternative place, and asked G.W.A.Lloyd to follow up the recommendation of J.W.Grant, the Commercial Resident at Malda, an enthusiastic explorer of the Himalayan foothills. The place Llyod and Grant inspected in 1829 was an old and deserted Gurkha military station 'Dorjeeling' or 'Darjeeling'.

The name Darjeeling is thought to be a derivation of 'Dorjeeling' meaning the place of the Dorjee, the majestic thunderbolt of the Lamaist religion. In fact, the famous Buddhist Monastery standing at the top of the Observatory hill was known by this name. The district was the part of the dominions of the Raja of Sikkim upto the beginning of the 18th century.

In 1817, the East India Company struggled with Himalayan States on behalf of Raja of Sikkim, The Raja of Sikkim restored the country between Mechi and the Tista rivers.This was the result of theTreaty of Titaliyaof 1817.Ten years after the treaty,disputes on the Sikkim-Nepal frontiers arose and the then Governor General sent two Officers viz. Captain Lloyd and Mr. Grant. They recommended the present place of Darjeeling as a site for a sanatorium. The Governor General then deputed Captain Herbert, the Deputy Surveyor General to examine the country.The court of Directors approved the project. General Lloyd was directed to start negotiations with Raja of Sikkim and he succeeded in obtaining the execution of a deed grant by the Raja of Sikkim on 1st February, 1835.This deed of grant, which is commendably short, runs as follows:-

"The Governor-General having expressed his desire for the possession of the hills of Darjeeling on account of its cool climate, for the purpose of enabling the servants of his Government, suffering from sickness, to avail themselves of its advantages, I the Sikkim puttee Rajah out of friendship for the said Governor-General, hereby present Darjeeling to the East India, that is, all the land south of the Great Runjeet river, east of the Balasur, Kahail and Little Runjeet rivers, and west of the Rungpo and Mahanadi rivers." This was an unconditional cession of what was then a worthless uninhabited mountain; but in 1841 the government granted the Raja an allowance of Rs. 3,000 as compensation, and raised the grant to Rs. 6,000 in1846

1839 was the most important year in the history of Darjeeling, the year the road which connected the hill station with the plains 'its life line' was built. Right from the start it had been pointed out by the planners. No road-No Darjeeling, and 1839 was the critical year when the decision was finally taken to go ahead with the plans.

The District was in the Rajshahi sub-division till October, 1905 and as a sequence of Bengal partition in 1905, the district was transferred to the Rajshahi division in March, 1912.The district was formerly a Non-Regulation district, that is, Acts and Regulations did not come into force in the district in line with rest of the country unless they were extended to it. Darjeeling had no representation in the Legislative Council. It was excluded and declared a backward tract. In 1935, the district was made partially excluded area by act.

The freedom movement in the district was much tempered by its moderate political ideology.One outstanding incident connected with the "terrorist movement" was the attempt on the life of Sir John Anderson, the Governor of Bengal, on May 8, 1934 by Bengali terrorists. The district with the rest of India attained independence as part of India in August 1947. According to the Constitution of India, the district no longer enjoys special privileges and all statutes, except the Bengal Tenancy act in certain of its particulars, apply to it.

However, the movement in the late 80's and early 90's has led to the formation of Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council.This has resulted in more autonomy at the regional level with the participation of local people through their elected representatives by forming local council for management and development of the area.

about kalimpong

Kalimpong is the best hill station for the family holiday or a honeymoon trip. Kalimpong is the largest of the four sub-divisions of the district of Darjeeling in the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, an autonomous body within the State of West Bengal. Kalimpong is a small sleepy hill resort and lies in Darjeeling District. With a population of about half a lakhs, it is ethnically and culturally similar to Darjeeling. Kalimpong lies between the plains of the Dooars and the hills of Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayas. Nestling in the lush green mid ranges of the Himalayas, this hill station of "the Raj", has an incredible stunning backdrop of towering snow capped peaks and offers a quiet and relaxed holiday against the backdrop of Kanchenjunga. Kalimpong means the fort of the Kings minister (Kalim = Kings Minister, Pong = fort). And this name came got established when this area was under the Bhutanese, who occupied it in 1706. Before that Kalimpong was a part of Sikkim. Bhutan retained Kalimpong till 1865 after which it along with the Doors was ceded to British India. Due to its ideal location at an average of 1250 meters above mean sea level, there are mild weather conditions throughout the year. Kalimpong has a moderate climate ranging from between 15 to 25 Degree Celsius in Summers and 7 to 15 Degree Celsius in Winters. From spring getaways to getting wet in the summer monsoon rains, from watching the rice harvest in autumn to experiencing the joys of sharing a blanket in the winter chill, Kalimpong is fast emerging as the ultimate holiday destination in the Eastern Himalayas. English, Nepali, Hindi and Tibetan are the main languages which are spoken in Kalimpong. One important facet of Kalimpong as a holiday destination is it’s year-round salubrious climate. Whether in spring, summer, autumn or winter the visitors will find Kalimpong a pleasant and safe place to spend a holiday. The hub of all activity centres around the Chowrasta and the Bus Stand in the heart of the town which abounds in good as well as cheap hotels and restaurants. During the days yonder, it used to be the hub of trade activity of India with Tibet and the trade route used to be through Pedong, Rongli in Sikkim and then the pass of Jelepa on the Sikkim – Tibet border but Chinese invasion in 1962 put an end to all that.

General Information about Kalimpong
Area - 1,056.5 square kilometers
Population - 40,143
Altitude - 1,250 to 1,600 meters
Rainfall - 2030 mm (80 inches)
Season - All year round
Clothing - Tropical in Summer with a light sweater and rainwear. Woolens in Autumn and Winter.
Language - English, Nepali, Hindi and Tibetan

History
Kalimpong was once a part of the kingdom of Bhutan and the headquarters of a Bhutanese Governor. The word 'Kalim' means King's Minister and 'Pong' means the stronghold of the King's minister. It is also called 'Kalibong' or the black spur by the hill people. 'Kalipong' in local dialect stands for 'Kaulim' which is a fibrous plant which grows in abundance in this region. It is said that the local tribesmen or Lepcha used to organise field sports while not engaged in agricultural pursuits. IN 1865, after loosing out to an armed British intervention, Bhutan ceded the territory of Kalimpong to British India. After the Anglo-Bhutan War, it was merged with Darjeeling, and became a sub-division of Darjeeling in 1916, and developed as a hill station. It flourished as a wool trading centre with Tibet till 1950, when the Chinese took over Tibet. As Tea garden opened up in nearby Darjeeling people from Nepal migrated in search of a livelihood. Some spilled over to Kalimpong. The British missionaries came in during the late 1800’s and left a legacy of good schools, high educational standards, charitable institutions and architectural styles reminiscent of the English countryside. Not to mention their love for flowers and gardening. People from mainland India came in to settle in Kalimpong and brought with them their skills in entrepreneurship and trade. Over the years Kalimpong slowly developed into a trading center from which all trade to and from Tibet passed. This continued till the mid sixties when Tibet ceased to exist as an independent nation and the mule trains wound up. It continues to be part of Darjeeling District, and is now an attractive tourist and educational centre.

Culture
In Kalimpong, Buddhism rubs shoulders with Hinduism and Christianity. Gompas, churches, temples, monks and missionaries coexist in a jovial society. Kalimpong offers Buddhist monasteries, Hindu temples, Christian Churches, flowers, orchids and exotic flora, old colonial bungalows, scenic view points and the panorama of snows. This exotic town of beautiful people, mystical and enchanting, with a rare ethnic blend of hill people, has a tradition of hospitality from the days of the mule caravans of olden days. As a melting pot of such diverse and rich cultures of the people of Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Tibet, mainland India, the British and the Lepchas (original inhabitants of the region), Kalimpong evolved its own unique blend of a way of life from cuisine, culture, etc.

Flora
Kalimpong sub-division is more or less covered by forests and terraced agricultural land where rice, corn, millet and seasonal vegetables are grown. Herbs and spices like ginger, cardamom and turmeric are also grown as a cash crop by the villagers. From tropical foothills to the alpine regions, around 4000 flowering plant species including more than 400 species of orchids, trees, ferns, mosses, grasses and medicinal plants are represented in the region. Floriculture is another major economic activity in Kalimpong. There are various flower nurseries, many of world renown, producing plants for export and the home market. Cacti, Succulents, Orchids, colourful houseplants and bulbs in many varieties are some of

the popular family of plants. Kalimpong flower nurseries present a permanent year-round flower show.

Tourist Attractions
The tourist attractions in Kalimpong are Thongsha Gompa, Zong Dog Palri Fo-Brang Monastery, Tharpa Choling Monastery, Nature Interpretation Centre, Mangal Dhaam, Colonial Bungalows, Dr. Graham's Homes Campus, Kalimpong Arts and Crafts centre, Dharmodaya Vihar, Kali Mandir, Gauri Pur House. There are some panoramic snow views of Kanchenjunga, Siniolchu, Paunhari, Lama Anden, Chola, Nathu La, Jalep La and Gymochen peaks. The best view points are Durpin Dara and Deolo View Point.

Thongsha Gompa
Below the Tharpa Choling Monastery is Thongsa or Bhutan Monastery. Thongsha Gompa is the oldest Gompa built during the Bhutanese period, in 1692.

Tharpa Choling Monastery
Tharpa Choling Monastery belongs to the Gelukpa sect and is on the way to Dr. Grahm Homes. Tharpa Choling Monastery was built in 1937 and is the repository of old scriptures and documents.

Zong Dog Palri Fo-Brang Monastery
Zong Dog Palri Fo-Brang Monastery was consecrated personally by the Dalai Lama in 1976. It contains the

Kanguyar, in 108 volumes, brought by the Dalai Lama when he fled Tibet. Excellent view point for snow and valley views.

Nature Interpretation Centre
Nature Interpretation Centre is operated by the Forest Department. Nature Interpretation Centre focuses on flora, fauna and local people interacting with ecology.

Army Golf Club
Army Golf Club, hewn out of a hillside, to keep officers fit for high altitude soldiering. Excellent angle for photography of Durpin Monastery from 3rd Green.

St. Teresa Church
St. Teresa Church was built by local craftsmen to resemble a Gompa. It has wood carvings adorning the walls, depicting biblical scenes, in which personalities resemble Buddhist monks. It is an interesting example of Tibetan influences.

Flower, orchid and exotic flora nurseries
The name of Kalimpong has become synonymous with flower nurseries many of which abound here. Gladioli, orchids, cacti, amaryllis, anthuriums, roses, gerberas, dahlias and other exotic plants are grown in a number of flower nurseries in Kalimpong, mainly for export. The weather and the soil of Kalimpong are very conducive to the growth of orchids, roses, gladioli and dahalias.

Colonial Bungalows
Colonial Bungalows were built by British wool traders during the "Raj" period, located on Rinkingpong and Hill Top Roads. These include Surya Sadan, Crockety, Galingka, Morgan House, Tashiding, Ringking Farm. Of these, Morgan House and Tashiding, now Government Tourist Lodges, can be viewed.

Mangal Dhaam
Mangal Dhaam was recently constructed as the place of worship. This is a marvelous piece of architecture. The temple has been built in the

memory of the late Guru Shree 108 Mangal Dasji. The samadhi of the Guruji is located within the temple.

Dr. Graham's Homes Campus
Dr. Graham's Homes Campus was started in 1900, by Rev Dr. John Anderson Graham as an institution to house and educate offspring of British planters and local women. It is now a public School. The School celebrates its Centenary Year in 2000, with most functions focussed around 24th September.

Deolo View Point
Deolo View Point is situated at the top of Deolo Hill at 1914 metres, overlooking the town of Kalimpong. The top of which is the highest point in Kalimpong. There are excellent views of snow peaks, Kalimpong town and the Teesta Valley. Two big reservoirs here are the source of water supply to the town of Kalimpong below.

Kalimpong Arts and Crafts centre
Situated near the bus stand in the heart of the town, this institute produces and sells a wide variety of handicrafts which includes wall scrolls, dolls and masks. Founded in 1897 by Mrs. Catherine Grahm, its purpose was to promote and propagate local handicrafts as well as provide employment. It is good place to purchase souvenirs to take back home.

Dharmodaya Vihar
This is a nepali Buddhist Temple situated on the Rishi road and a stones throw away from the town. The statue of Buddha was donated to this temple by the Burmese Buddhists. The library of the temple is well stocked with books some of them very old.

Durpin Dara
Towering over the town of Kalimpong is the Durpin Hill, the top of which offers breathtaking views of rolling plains of Siliguri and the Tista and Rangit valley. On the northwest horizon can be seen the panoramic Kanchendzonga range and on the east the Chola range on which lies the Nathula pass. On the southern horizon looms the Tiger hill. On the Durpin Dara Hill is nestled a beautiful golf course with gently rolling slopes.

Kali Mandir
Kali Mandir, the Hindu temple has a statue of Goddess Kali and is about 2 Kms away from the town.

Gauri Pur House
Gauri Pur House, situated about 2 kms. from town on the way to Durpin Hill, now accommodated the Cooperative Training Institute but has old stories to tell. It was the favorite retreat of none other than the Nobel laureate and poet Rabindranath Tagore who wrote many of his works here.

Excursions

Lava
Lava is situated about 34 kms away from Kalimpong, at an altitude of 2,350 metres. This small village, on the old trade route to Bhutan, is surrounded by virgin pine forests. It has a lovely monastery of Bhutanese origin and a Nature Interpretation Centre. Lava is more popular for nature exploration and bird watching. It is also the starting point for trekking to the Neora National Park, which is a storehouse of flora, wildlife and leads to the 3,152 metre high RacheLa tri-junction of Bhutan, Sikkim and West Bengal, with a panoramic view of the Chola Range.

Lolegaon
Lolegaon, also known as Kapher, is situated about 25 kms from Lava, along a lovely forest drive. It has a heritage forest and a view point for snow ranges of Singalila Range.

Samthar Plateau
Samthar Plateau is a scenic and remote plateau, at a height of 1,400 metres. Samthar Plateau is situated about 80 kms from Kalimpong, and 45 kms from Lava. It has breathtaking snow views of the entire range, superb sunrise and sunset, hamlets, exotic flora, forests, mountain streams, river pools. Samthar Plateau is mainly popular for nature holidays, walking tours, angling, mountain biking and nature and cultural explorations on foot.

Pedong
Pedong is a small town, situated about 24 kms from Kalimpong. It has a monastery built in 1837, of Bhutanese origin.
Samco Ropeway
Samco Ropeway is situated about 20 kms from Kalimpong on the highway to Siliguri. This ropeway was constructed by Christian missionaries to spread the gospel. Spanning the Teesta and Relli Rivers over 1 1/2 kms, it is a thrilling ride over 120 feet over the river with unforgettable views. It provides a second access to Samthar Plateau, and for Forest exploration, and visit to ethnic villages.

Teesta Valley
Teesta Valley is the main drainage of Sikkim, Kalimpong and Darjeeling region. It is only 14 kms from Kalimpong. It provides nature walks and river rafting, from base at Chitrey, near Teesta Bazar.

getting to Kalimpong

By Air
The nearest airport is Bagdogra near Siliguri, which is at a distance of 79 km from Kalimpong. The taxi fare from the airport to Kalimpong is about Rs 1500. This airport is connected to Kolkata, Delhi and Guwahati. International travelers can get connecting flights from Kolkata or Delhi. Both are well connected with many cities in India and abroad.

By Rail
The nearest rail is New Jalpaiguri, which is nearly 77 km away from Kalimpong. Taxi cab will charge about Rs 1500. This is well connected to most of the major cities in India.

By Road
The Kalimpong city is well connected to other cities in Sikkim and the neighboring states by bus services. Private tourist buses are available from Kalimpong to Bagdogra (79 km) and to Siliguri (70 km).

Note
A foreigner with the permit for Darjeeling cannot automatically visit Kalimpong. The permit has to be got endorsed at the Foreigners Registration Office in Darjeeling or alternatively at the office issuing the permit. Foreigners are normally permitted to visit Kalimpong for three days.

About lachen

The town of Lachen is located in the Indian state of Sikkim. This town is located in the northern part of Sikkim, and is one of the most beautiful places in the entire state. Lachen is a small town that is located at an altitude of around 8838 feet. It lies on the North Sikkim highway; hence access to Lachen is quite easy.

There are many interesting places in and around Lachen that you can visit during your trip to the place. Lachen is primarily famous as a sightseeing spot, with its many viewpoints that provides splendid shots of nearby mountains and greenery. You can also travel to Chopta Valley from Lachen, as this scenic destination is located quite near the place. This valley is a famous spot among tourists who love hiking and bird watching, and it is an important place that you should visit.

Green Lake is another famous tourist spot near Lachen that is open for tourist access. You can also take a trip to Kunchenjunga National Park, which is located near Lachen and has a wide variety of wildlife. Gurudongmar Lake is another important must visit destination that is also considered sacred by Hindus and Buddhists, but foreigners will not be allowed to visit this lake, which is near the Indo-China border.

Tourist attraction

yumthang valley
The Yumthang Valley is a grazing pasture near Lachen surrounded by Himalayan Mountains. It lies at an elevation of 3575 m above sea level and is situated at a distance of 150 km from the state capital, Gangtok.

The popular Singba Rhododendron Sanctuary is also situated in this valley. It consists of over 24 species of rhododendrons, which is also the state flower. The tributary of River Teesta also flows past this valley. It experiences heavy snowfall between the months of December and March.

lachung monastery
The Lachung Monastery also known as Lachen Gompa is an old Buddhist monastery of Sikkim situated in the Lachen Valley of North Sikkim. This monastery lies at an altitude of 2750 m and also forms the base for the Green Lake trekking and mountaineering activities in Sikkim. It was built in 1806 and belongs to the Nyingmapa sect of Mahayana Buddhism. It has been reconstructed once in 1979.

This monastery houses some religious beliefs of the Buddhist community along with the statue of Guru Padmasambhava or Guru Rinpochi. There is also a prayer wheel constructed at the entrance of this monastery to welcome tourists to the Handicraft and Handloom Centre under the rural tourist scheme. Several village festivities also form a part of this monastery.

singba rhododendron sanctuary
The temple is situated about half way up the hill above the village. 5 Km from Kausani The first is a small conical structure, 2.5 to 3 meters high, dedicated to Bhairon. The main temple is close to this on the north, a squre, slated structure, with the door facing the south, and figures of rajas, etc., sculptured on the walls.The famous fair celebrated every year in October.

getting to lachen

By Air
Flights can be taken to the nearest airport, which in this case lies in the town of Siliguri. This airport, also called as the Bagdogra Airport, is connected to all major Indian cities through a series of flights and many carriers.

By Rail
Lachen does not have a train station, and the nearest station is New Jalpaiguri, at a distance of 127 kms from Lachen. New Jalpaiguri has 3 train stations. They are Newjalpaiguri, Jalpaiguri and Jalpaiguri Road.

about lachung
Lachung is a town located in the state of Sikkim. It falls under the north Sikkim district and is not very far from the China border. At an altitude of about 3,000 m above sea level, Lachung is located at the confluence of River Lachen and River Lachung, which are tributaries of the Teesta River. A forward base has been set up in this town by the Indian Army to guard and protect the borders.

The town of Lachung is located in the Indian state of Sikkim. This town is located in the northern part of the state in North Sikkim district, and it is located at an altitude of 9600 feet. Lachung is a tourist hotspot and a scenic destination that is located at the point where two tributaries Lachung and Lachen converge. These are the tributaries of the river Teesta. This town is frequented by tourists because of the many waterfalls that are located in the region. Snow capped mountains can also be seen near the region.

There are a few important places that you can also visit during your trip to Lachung. Lachung Gompa is one such destination which is a tourist hotspot. Also called as Lachung Monastery, this place attracts many pilgrims into its fold. This is a very old monastery that was built in the year 1880. There are many murals here that will delight history buffs, and the monastery also sports two wheels.

Mount Katao is a popular destination near Lachung that lies at a distance of thirty kilometers. This destination is only open for tourists in India. You can also visit the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary near Lachung, which is a popular destination among tourists

history
The term Lachung means ‘small mountain’. It is at a distance of about 125 km from Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim. In the book ‘The Himalayan Journal’, British explorer and writer, Joseph Dalton Hooker, has defined this place as the ‘most picturesque village of Sikkim’.

Before 1950, when Tibet was not taken over, Lachung was a major trading post between Tibet and Sikkim. After it was closed down, the town continued to remain intact. The Indian Government opened it again and since then it has emerged as a major tourist hub in Sikkim.

People & Culture of Lachung
People living in Lachung are commonly known as the Lachungpas. Lachung is mainly inhabited by Lepcha and Tibetan people. The most common languages spoken here include Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepali.

tourist attraction
The main attractions of Lachung tourism include the Lachung Monastery, which is also known as the Lachung Gompa, and the Yumthang Valley, which is about 25 km from the town.

The Lachung Monastery is a very old monastery, built in the year 1880. This place houses several murals, along with two wheels. Mount Katao, which is at a distance of about 30 km from this place, is also a popular tourist destination near Lachung. There are several Lachung holiday packages that can be availed to explore the destination.

The Yumthang Valley is a meadowland set amidst the Himalayan Mountains, at an altitude of about 3,575 m. This place is also famous for the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary, which has more than 24 species of rhododendron, the State Flower.

Lachung Monastery
The Lachung Monastery, at a height of 12,000 ft, was constructed in 1880. This monastery provides views of the countryside and the entire Lachung Valley. It is mainly a Nyingma Buddhist Gompa which lies at the confluence of the Lachung River and the Lachen River, which are tributaries of the Teesta River. The monastery is also famous for an annual mask dance festival.

Mt. Katao
Mt. Katao, near Lachung, is visited by many tourists, especially those interested in recreational activities like snowboarding, skiing, snow tubing and stone grinding.

Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary
The Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary is situated on the northern Lachung Valley, at an altitude ranging between 3,048 m and 4,575 m. The sanctuary covers an area of around 43 sq km. There are about 40 different species of rhododendron shrubs amidst the snow-covered mountains.

Some of the important trees in the sanctuary are primulas, poppies, gentians, potentillas, saxifrages and aconites. There are a few endangered animals inhabiting the sanctuary like the spotted lingsang or the tiger-civet. The ideal season to visit this sanctuary is between the months of November and mid-June.

Chungthang
Chungthang is situated in the North Sikkim District at the confluence of Lachen and Lachung Chu rivers. There is a forward base and a medical centre of the Indian army in this town.

getting to lachung

By Air
As Lachung is quite a small village nestled amidst the huge mountains it doesn’t have an independent airport. Bagdogra International Airport of West Bengal located about 128 kilometers from Lachung serves as the nearest airbase.

By Rail
Jalpaiguri Railway Station of West Bengal located near Siliguri about 139 kilometers from Lachung is the nearest train station from here. Jalpaiguri Railway Station has three sub stations namely: Jalpaiguri, Jalpaiguri Road and New Jalpaiguri.

By Road
Lachung is located about 59 km from Mangan, 98 km from Singtam,125 km from Gangtok, 141 km from Namchi, 147 km from Jorethang,166 km from Gezing, 176 km from Pelling and 212 km from Yuksam.

about pelling
Pelling is a small town that is situated in the state of Sikkim in the West Sikkim region. The town is a laid back place and it attracts travelers from different parts of the country. Pelling is located near the foothills of Kanchenjunga and one can witness an outstanding view of the mountain from here. There are numerous scenic spots that one can visit in the area. The main attractions in the place are the monasteries that dot the countryside. Visiting these tranquil monasteries is a good way to spend time in the region. Some of the main places are Pemayansgtse Monastery and Sangachoeling Monastery. There are many sculptures and paintings that you can find in these places and they are not crowded. One can get a panoramic view from the Sangachoeling Monastery. If you are visiting during the month of January, you can see a dance called Cham in the Pemayansgtse Monastery.

The Sangay Waterfall is situated 10 kilometers from the town of Pelling and this is a good picnic spot. Another interesting place is the Kchehepalri Lake. The lake is present amidst dense forests and it is considered to be a holy place. It might also be worth checking the Rabdantsey Ruins.

Tourist attraction

Darap valley
On your way to other site seeing point you will pass through this valley which will fall in your right side. Darap village is promoted by tourism department for village tourism.

Rembi Water fall
On the way at a distance of 11 KM from Pelling this water fall is just 2 KM before the Sewaro Rock garden. This one not so big water fall compared to other water falls in Sikkim.

Sewaro Rock Garden
Entry fee of Rs 10 is charged to enter this garden. From the main road you need to go down a bit to reach this garden constructed by the side of the river. You can touch the water here. This rock garden is 13 KM from Pelling and 30 minutes drive.

After going 3 KM from Sewaro Rock garden you will reach one Y ( three road ) junction. Road towards your left side goes to Khechuperi wishing lake and the road towards right goes to Kangchenjunga water fall. From this point Kangchenjunga water fall is 8 KM and Khechuperi wishing lake is 9 KM.

Kahgchenjunga Water fall
At a distance of 25 KM from Pelling it will take nearly one and half hour including the half hour stay at Sewaro Rock garden. You need to climb up little in steps to reach the foot of the water fall. This water fall is last but one point in your drive for local site seeing in Pelling. After this you will return to Y junction and go towards Khechopalri wiching Lake. Take care of your vehicle as there is no open parking space and stones may fall from heights.

Khechopalri wishing Lake
This Lake is located at a distance of 25 KM from Pelling and 9 KM from the Y junction ( other road goes towards Kahgchenjunga water fall ). This scared lake surrounded by prayer flags is worshiped by both Hindus and Buddhist. From the parking area one can walk up to the Lake through a trail and by the side of a Monastery.

Khachoedpalri means mountain of blissful heaven. Lagand has it that this place was once a grazing ground abound with stinging nettle. Native Lepchas use the barks of nettle for multi-purpose requirements. One day a Lapcha couple as usual peeling if the bark of the nettle saw a pair of conchshells coming from the air and entering into the ground. After that the ground underneath shook violently and immense spring of water engulfed the entire ground which turned up into a huge lake. As pen nesal text , this lake was recognized as the abode of Tshomen Gyalme or chief protective Nymph of Dharma as blessed by Goddess Tara. Native Buddhist believes that the shape of the lake is foot print blessing of Goddess Tara.

Pemayangtse Monastery
Located at a distance of 2 KM from Pelling, this is the one of the oldest and important Nyingma monastery in Sikkim. There is an entry fee of Rs 20 to visit this monastery. At hill top from this Monastery you can get good view of Kangchenjunga and other hill rages. You can also get a distance view of Rabdentse Ruins from here.

Visitors are allowed to visit inside and can climb up to 2nd and 3rd floor of the main building. Each floor has many traditional collections of Buddhist statues, traditional paintings, wooden masks and ritual texts. Some paintings are kept covered by cloths. At the top floor there is beautiful wooden replica of Zangdog Palri the celestial adobe of Guru Padmasambhava. This is the main attraction of the Monastery. This colorful and beautiful piece is kept inside a big glass box to preserve it. Note that photography is not allowed inside the main building.

Rabdentse Ruins
At a distance of 3 KM from Pelling and within 1 KM distance from Pemayangtse Monastery there is the ruins of the fort or palace of second capital of Sikkim. This place is well maintained and preserved by Archaeological survey of India.

From the parking place tourist have to walk nearly 1 KM in a well maintained jungle trail up to the ruins of the palace. The duration of walk will be for 20 to 30 minutes. If you are a seasoned walker then you will enjoy the trek but for aged senior visitors it may be little difficult. There is one alternate short road is under construction connecting this site bypassing the walking trail. You can get the view of main structure of Pemayangtse Monastery from here and in same way you can get a full view of ruins from the Pemayangtse Monastery.

gettting to pelling

By Air
Nearest airport is the Bagdogra Airport that is situated outside the town of Bagdogra. The airport is located around 124 kilometers from the town of Pelling. There are scheduled commercial flights from places such as Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati and Mumbai.

By Rail
The nearest railway station is situated in the town of Jalpaiguri. The station is connected to some cities across the country such as Chennai, New Delhi, Howrah, Alipur and Darjeeling.

ABOUT HARIDWAR
Haridwar stands as the gateway to the four pilgrimages of Uttranchal. Geographically and geological, Haridwar, lying at the feet of Shiva's hills, i.e., Shivaliks, in the Haridwar district of Uttranchal Pradesh, is a doorway. " According to Hindu mythology Haridwar was known as Kapilsthan. Legend has it that the ancestors of Raja Bhagirath, were consumed by fire at this spot following a curse of Rishi Kapil. For their salvation Raja Bhagirath requested the Ganga to descend on Earth. Haridwar is also famous by the names of Gangadwar Mokshadwar, Tapovan and Mayapuri. It is at Haridwar that the Ganga finally emerges into the northern plains. Haridwar has earned fame as being the place which has been blessed by the trinity of Lord Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. It is also one of the major Shaktipeeths. People prefer taking bath on the numerous ghats built on the river shores. It is said that taking bath here purifies the soul and opens the way for the ultimate freedom, Nirvana. Down the ages, Haridwar has purified the mind, the body and the soul. Not only in spiritual or religious terms Haridwar has come up as a major learning center for arts, science and culture.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Har ki Pauri
This most sacred Ghat was built by King Vikramaditya in memory of his brother Bhatrihari, who is said to have meditated on the banks of Ganga in Haridwar. It is also known as Brahamakund and is the site for the famous Kumbh Mela. Large number of devotees take a holy dip in Ganga over here.

The evening Ganga Aarti provides a truly enchanting experience as large lumber of ornate oil lamps (diyas) with dozens of flames burning in pure ghee are offered to Mother Ganga accompanied with devotional songs and prayers. A temple on the river bank here is said to have an imprint of Lord Hari's footprint.

Canal Centenary Bridge
It affords a panoramic view of the ghats and Ganga canal.

Maya Devi Temple
The ancient temple is dedicated to Goddess Maya Devi, the Adhisthatri deity of Haridwar. It is regarded as one of the Siddhapeethas and according to mythology the heart and navel of Goddess Sati had fallen over here.

Mansa Devi Temple
It is perched atop the Bilwa Parwat and can be reached by a rope-way with its brightly coloured cable cars or on foot. A statue of the Goddess here has three mouths and five arms, while the other one has eight arms. The temple commands a fine view of Haridwar.

Daksha Mahadev Temple
This ancient Shiva (Mahadev) temple is located in the south Kankhal town. The mythological legends state that King Daksha Prajapati, the father of Sati (Lord Shiva's consort) performed a yagya here, but didn't invite Lord Shiva. Sati was offended by her father's behaviour and sacrificed her life by jumping into the fire of yagya. Infuriated Lord Shiva killed King Daksha, but later brought him back to life.

Chandi Devi Temple
It is set atop Neel Parvat on the banks of Ganga. The shrine was built by Suchat Singh, the king of Kashmir in 1929, but the main statue is said to be established by the Adi Shankaracharya in 8th century. According to a legend Goddess Chandi killed demons Chanda - Munda, the army chief of demon kings Shumbh Nisnumbha here. The temple is 3 kms trek from Chandighat.

Sapt Rishi Ashram and Sapt Sarovar
The legendary site is said to be the place where Saptarshis (seven sages) meditated and river Ganga, not wanting to disturb them split herself into seven streams (Sapt Sarovar) around them.

Gurukul Kangri University
This old centre of herbal medicine and traditional studies is located on the Haridwar-Jwalapur bypass road. The Ved Mandir Museum here exhibits archaeological exhibits.

Other places of interest
Kanva Rishi Ashram; Bilkeshwar Mahadev; Pawan Oham; Bhooma Niketan; Vaishnav Oevi Temple; Doodhadhari Temple; Shahi Gurudwara; Jairam Ashram.

Rajaji National Park(Chilla)
The park endowed with pristine beauty and rich bio-diversity covers an area of 820 sq. kms on the edge of the Doon Valley about 10 kms from Haridwar. It was established in 1996 and has over 23 species of mammals and 315 avifauna species. It is a safe haven for elephant, tiger, panther, bear, chital, sambar, wild boar, barking deer, python, monitor lizard etc.

Elephants are available for wildlife viewing at Chilla and Dholkand.

Piran Kaliyar
It is 23 kms south of Haridwar, on the outskirts of Roorkee, an important educational centre. The 'Dargah' of Hazrat Makhdum Allauddin Ali Ahmed Shah 'Sabir' here is a shining example of communal harmony and peace. It is believed that the wishes of the devout are fulfiled here and large number of devotees from all faiths and religions visit the dargah from all over the world. The annual Urs is celebrated from 1 st day of sighting the moon to 16th day of Rabeeull month Islamic calender.

GETTING TO Haridwar

By Air
Nearest airport for Haridwar isJolly Grant at Dehradun - 41 kms

By Rail
Connected with major cities of India- Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Agra, Varanasi, Allahabad, Ujjain, Amritser, Dehradun, Lucknow, etc.

By Road
Hardwar lies on N. H. 45 and is connected to all major cities. Delhi - 214 kms, Agra -386 kms, Ambala -168 kms, Badrinath - 325 kms, Dehradun - 52 kms, Kedarnath - 250 kms, Saharanpur - 81 kms, Nainital - 286 kms

ABOUT RISHIKESH
Rishikesh, also known as the 'place of sages' is Haridwar, at the confluence of the Chandrabhaga and Ganga. It is believed that God by the name of 'Hrishikesh' had appeared as an answer to the hard penances by Rabhiya Rishi and henceforth the place derived its name. It is the starting point for the Char dham pilgrims but also for the people who are interested in meditation, yoga and other aspects of Hinduism.

For the adventure seekers, rishikesh is the suggested place for starting their trekking expeditions to the Himalayan peaks and for rafting. Also, International Yoga Week which attracts participation form across the world, is held here, every year, in February on the banks of the Ganga.

Rishikesh is one of the most popular pilgrim centres and gateway to the Himalayan Shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. The Yoga Centres of Rishikesh have enhanced the significance of the place. From this point on, the great Ganges leaves behind her mountain home and enters the vast plains of Northern India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Bharat Mandir
The Bharat Mandir is the oldest temple in Rishikesh, near the Triveni Ghat. This temple is dedicated to Bharat, the younger brother of Lord Ram.

Kailash Niketan Temple
This is the main temple at Laxman Jhool and one can see the sculptures of all Gods and Goddesses in this thirteen storey mansion.

Satya Narayan Temple
The idol of Lord Satyanarayan has been enshrined inside the temple located enroute to Rishikesh, 10 kms. away from Hardwar. The visitors use this place as a station to halt for a casual worship.

Shatrughan Temple
This is an ancient temple dedicated to Shatrughan, Lord Ram's brother and is situated 5 kms. away from Rishikesh.

Neelkanth Mahadev
The Neelkanth Temple is situated on top of a hill across the Ganga. According to mythodology, after the Sagar Manthan Lord Shiva drank all the effluent venom here, which turned his throat blue, hence the name Neelkanth.

Triveni Ghat
Eveningaarti of Goddess Ganga is performed at Triveni Ghat. Triveni is a bathing Ghat where people wash their sins by taking a dip in the holy water of sacred Ganga River. It is believed that the three streams of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati are flowing together underground at this point.Pinda Shradhais also performed at Triveni Ghat.

Rishikund
Rishikund literally suggests the sage's pond. It is believed that the waters of the Yamuna drenched this pond on the request of Kubz saint. Shani mandir is also situated at Rishikund.

Laxman Jhula
Lakshman Jhula is on of the main attraction of Rishikesh. It is 450 ft long hanging bridge on the river Ganga which was built in 1939. According to myths and legends Laksman, brother of Lord Rama crossed Ganga River on a jute rope from this point. The 13 storied temple is located near Lakshman Jhula where the idols of several Gods and Goddesses are kept. The bridge gives a magnificent view of the Ganges, greeting you with the cool breeze from the river.

Ram Jhula
Ram Jhoola connects Swargashram with Shivananda Ashram. Several ashrams are located near Ram Jhoola. Ram Jhoola is bigger than Laxman Jhula and even more picturesque.

Geeta Bhawan
Geeta Bhawan is one of the oldest temple complexes situated by the side of Laxman Jhula on the banks of sacred Ganges in Rishikesh. Gita Bhavan is dedicated as a Museum for puranic and mythological awareness for the common public. Building consists of a very large complex comprising discourse halls and over 1000 rooms available free of charge for the stay of devotees. For the convenience of the devotees, simple vegetarian food, kitchen and grocery items and Indian sweets are available at very moderate price.

GETTING TO RISHIKESH

By Road
Rishikesh is 230 km north of Delhi and is well connected by Road from nearby cities. Regular state transport buses are available from Delhi's Kashmere Gate ISBT.

By Rail
The convenient rail head is at Haridwar, 25 km away. Rishikesh has a railway station too.

By Air
The nearest airport to Rishikesh is Jolly Grant (near Dehradun) Approx 46 Kms

ABOUT ALMORA
Almora is a magnificent town with a long history. The Kashaya Hill on which the town is built finds amention in the scripture of the Skanda Purana. In 1560 Raja Kalyan Chand of Kumaon made it the capital of his kingdom. At that time it was called Rajapur and ancient inscriptions on many places still have Rajapur carved on them. The rule of the Chand dynasty came to an end after the gorkhas from Nepal occupied the area in 1790. The British defeated the Gorkhas in 1815, and established a small Army and a Cantonment.

The Almora Bazaar is 1.5 Km. long covered with Kota stone slabs which have replaced the traditional hundred year old patals (old stone slabs). The streets of the bazaar are a delight to walk through. Houses and shops align the narrow streets that bustle with activity in the evenings. The traditional architecture is very much in evidence here as one spots carved doors and windows. Some of the best examples of the old styles of architecture can be found in Khazanchi Mohalla, an area which once belonged to the state treasurers. As you walk on the cobblestone path, the markets change from Lala Bazar at one end to Thana Bazar on the other. In between are Karkhana Bazar, Khajanchi Mohalla, Jauhari Mohalla, Malli Bazar and Tamta Mohalla. Tamta Mohalla is just short of the Cantonment. One of the traditional crafts of Almora is copperware and some of the best coppersmiths still work from their traditional area in Tamta Mohalla. As you walk through this area the air reverberates with the sound of wooden hammers on metal and one can spot the Tamta community at work carving exquisite brass utensils and decorative items.

History
History of Almora can be traced back to ancient times of Mahabharata. However, the earliest historical account of the place is provided by a Chinese pilgrim of seventh century. The pilgrim wrote in great detail about a kingdom called ‘Brahmaputra’.

A kingdom was first established in this area by the Katyuri dynasty. The Katyuri dynasty reigned from Dwarahat in katurya Valley. During those times, there was a small settlement in this are, not much of any political significance.

King Baichaldeo of the Katyuri dynasty, who reined in the region where present day Almora is located, donated major part of this land to a Gujarati Brahmin by name Sri Chand Tiwari.

In later times, during rule of Chand dynasty, Almora was founded around 1560 by Kalyanchand at this place which he called ‘Alam Nagar’. It was also called ‘Rajpur’.

Interestingly, the mountain on which Almora is located is described in a famous Hindu epic - Manaskhand. It reads thus:
"Kaushiki Shalmali Madhyey Punyah Kashaya Parwatah Tasy Paschim Bhagam Kshetra Vishnyo Pratishthtam"

The name 'Rajpur' finds mention on numerous copper plates found in this area. An important reason for the Chand rulers to establish a settlement here was a number of natural spring water sources that this place harbors. Later, they even transferred there capital here.

In 1744 during the raid by Ali Muhammad Khan Rohilla, Almora was taken over from Chand dynasty. However, unable to bear the hardships of living in the hills, the Rohillas chiefs, placed by Ali Mohammad Khan Rohilla, returned Almora for a heavy bribe of three lakh rupees.

Ali Mohammad, dissatisfied with the conduct of his commanders, attacked Almora again in 1745. However, this time the Rohillas were defeated. They never came back again.

In 1790, Almora was conquered by the Gurkhas who ruled it for the next 24 years until it was taken over by the British in 1815. Today, Almora is a primary center for trade and other activities – social, cultural, political- and is a district place of Uttarakhand State in India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Govind Vallabh Pant Public Museum
Govind Vallabh Pant Public Museum near Almora bus stand is worth paying a visit owing to its rich collection of items relating to the history, archeology and cultural significance. The rich collection of this museum takes you on a journey of different phases of history of Almora. 'Apen' is a folk style of painting found in this region and can be seen here in this museum in its various aspects.

Bright & Corner
This place could be your silent retreat to find yourself in the mountains. The place is famous for its view at sunrise and sunset. The place is unusually calm. It is said that the peacefulness of this place can not be matched with any other hill station. One can visit the circuit house nearby which also has a serene setting. For those in love with philosophy and spirituality, there is no better place. Nearby is Vivekananda Library in Ramakrishna Kutir. Swami Vivekananda had stayed here during the time he spent in Himalayas.

Simtola
It is a beautiful place 5 kms from Almora. The place enchants with its picture postcard view, miles of terrain with beautiful hills lined with pine and fur trees. Lying on the opposite side of the horseshoe ridge, Simtola is a quite picnic spot. While visiting Simtola, you can also pay a visit to the nearby Hiradungi which used to be a diamond mine and the beautiful 'Granite Hill' close by.

Khajanchi Mohalla
Khajanchi Mohalla literally means treasurer's area. You can visit the area for glimpses of old style architecture. The area dates back to the times of kings in Almora, it then belonged to the state treasurers.

Tamta Mohalla
Tamta Mohalla in the old city in earlier times belonged to the coppersmiths. Coppperware is still one of the popular crafts of Almora and the place is still inhabited by large number of coppersmiths.

Collectorate
This is the old Almora fort located at the highest point of Almora bazaar. As you cross the Mall and the Almora bazaars, there is the Collectorate. Climb up here to get a view of the Almora and the nearby mountain ranges.

Martola
It is a beautiful place just 10 kms from Almora. Complete with gardens and forests, the place has good scenic beauty. Many foreigners who came here liked the place so much that they settled here. A good picnic trip can be made here.

Koshi
A place of unsurpassed beauty, Koshi lies 12 kms from Almora. A stay here can be arranged at the circuit house. Besides there is also Govind Vallabh Pant Research Institute here.

Pilgrimage

Nanda Devi Temple
The exact date when this temple was made is not known but it is believed to be hundreds of years old. People of this region and around have deep faith in this temple and it shows. Its the most famous temple around with thousands of pilgrims paying it a visit every year. Naina Devi was the patron goddess of Chandravanshi kings. This is the most famous place in Almora, it is as if old Almora lies preserved here. The temple stands in the antechamber of Shiva temple. Walls of the temple have been intricately carved attractively with true to life images. Nanda Devi Fair held here in the month of September draws large crowds.

Chetai Temple
This is the sacred temple of Golu Devta, 6 Kilometres from Almora perched on a hilltop. Golu Devta was deified general of Chand dynasty that once ruled Almora. The temple has his shrine. Devotees, as thanksgiving offer bells here which are decorated on the canopy of these bells. Surrounded by fur and pine tree forest, a visit to this temple will prove beneficial for nature lovers. The temple bears strong faith among the locals here and goats are sacrificed here in front of the deity.

Kalimath
To take a good view of Almora town, Kalimath is ideal, just 4.5 kilometres from Almora. There is also a temple of Kasar Devi here. Amazingly true, the temple dates back to second century.

Katarmal
Next to the Konark temple of Orissa, Katarmal's sun temple is the most significant sun temple. This 800 year old temple has not received the kind of attention it deserves. Katarmal is 17 kilometres from Almora and worth paying a visit. Though the place is in ruins due to neglect but you will see some interesting architecture and intricate images carved out on walls.

Excursions

Jageshwar
Thirty four kilometres from Almora is this famous temple of Jageshwar. This temple is counted among the 12 jyotirlings of the country. There are more than 100 large and smalls shrines in the complex, of them three shrines of Jageshwar, Mrityunjaya and Pushtidevi are notable for their sculptures. Jageshwar lies in a narrow valley surrounded by large deodars.

Gannath
This place 47 kilometres from Almora is blessed by nature and is ideal for a day's excursions. There are also some natural caves and ancient temples of lord Shiva here for you to explore. A fair held here on Kartik Purnima.

Bageshwar
Ninety kilometres from Almora is the commercial hub of Kumaon region called Bageshwar. Located on the bank of river Saryu, the place gets its name from the temple of Lord Bagnath here. It is a 14th century temple and close to Pindari glacier. These two reasons are enough to attract visitors here.

Baijnath
Baijnath is a historically significant place. 71 kilometres from Almora, this place has many 12th and 13th century temples built during Katyur dynasty. These temples of archaeological and historical importance are dedicated to Lord Shiva, Parvati and Ganesha. Located on the coast of Gomti river, those interested in historical architecture must visit them.

Other Attractions

Fairs And Festivals
Almora is a land of rich culture and tradition which has been well preserved and passed on from one generation to another. It is a land of fairs and festivals. Not a month passes without any fair or festival and people of Almora hold close to their hearts their religious values.

Nanda Devi Festival is the most famous of all celebrated in the month of September. Celebrated with great joy here near Nanda Devi temple, a fair is also held during the same time. The magnitude of the festival can be realised by the fact that 25,000 people come to attend the festival.

Another important festival celebrated around the place is Uttraini festival celebrated in January and a week long fair accompanies it. This is the most popular fair in the entire region. People from mountains and plains come here in this festival and fair organised in Bageshwar, 90 kms from Almora.

Jageshwar monsoon festival is celebrated in the month of July and August. The festival is very significant from religious and historical point of view. Each day during the festival, approximately 1000 tourists pay visit to Jageshwar temple. Dushhera, the famous Hindu festival is another important festival here and is celebrated in a unique manner drawing large crowds from far and wide. Almora being so culturally active and rich has many many other fairs and festivals round the year.

Handicrafts
Pashmina shawls, woolen products like shawls, chutka, carpets and thulma are very popular here. One can also easily get products of ringal like musta and dalia. Apart from that in local art, you will get Kumaon Folk art, decorative candles, drift wood products like ekebanas, statues etc. Copper ware is also very famous here, the city's connection with coppersmiths dates centuries back.

GETTING TO Almora

By Air
The closest airport is Pantnagar, 127 kilometres from Almora. Flights are available during summers .

By Rail
The closest railhead is Kathgodam (90 kms) which is well connected by trains to Delhi, Lucknow, Dehradun, Agra, Bareilly and Kolkatta.

By Road
Buses ply between Almora and Delhi (380 kms.), Lucknow (466 kms.), Dehradun (415 kms) and other important places. Otherwise one can also travel up to Nainital by bus as it is better connected and take buses from there for Almora.

ABOUT MUKTESHWAR
Mukteshwar is a small town, and one of the most-sought tourist destinations, in the Kuma on hills of Uttarakhand. It is situated at an altitude of 7,500 ft above sea level and is famous for the wonderful 180-degree view of the captivating snow capped mountain ranges that it provides. The second highest mountain-peak of India, Nanda Devi, is also visible from Mukteshwar. The other ranges one can see from Mukteshwar are Neelkantha (Blue-throated Shiva), Trishul (Shiva’s Trident), Nanadaghunti (the Veil of the Goddess), and the Panchuli Group.

Apart from the scenic vistas of mountain ranges it provides, Mukteswar is also famous for its beautiful orchards, dense coniferous forests and old colonial bungalows. One of the most famous attractions of this place is the Shiva Temple, known as ‘Mukteshwar Dham’, after which the entire region was named Mukteshwar. A 350-year-old temple, it is situated at the highest point in Mukteshwar. The temple consists of a beautiful white marble Shiva lingam. Other than this, one can also visit Chauli-ki-Jali, a site marked by mountain-rocks that project out from the hill at a bizarre angle.

Chauli-ki-Jali also provides opportunities for rock climbing and rappelling. It promises to offer astonishing views of many scavenger birds, pouncing down on their praise, as well. According to the local belief, the wishes made here are certainly fulfilled. When in Mukteshwar, you can also visit the sunrise point at PWD guest house and have a mesmerizing experience of dawn. People interested in science and technologies have two more places to visit in Mukteshwar, the Indian Veterinary Research Institute and ‘Renewable Park’, developed by Energy and Research Institute of India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Mukteshwar Temple
One of the sacred places to visit in the area is the Mukteshwar temple. Dedicated to lord Shiva, it is a legendary pilgrimage and Mukteshwar has acquired its name from the name of the temple. It is situated at the top of a hill and can be reached by climbing a series of steep stone stairs. For those who are deeply religious, trekking to the temple can be a heavenly experience, in part because of the natural splendor of the place. The temple is adorned with a marble Shivling and idols of some other Hindu deities.

Chauthi Jali
It is a historical place which is also called Chauli Ki Jali by the locals and is situated adjacent to the Mukteshwar temple. Mythology believes that a demon and a goddess had fought a battle in this place and bleak outlines in the place are to be seen which resemble a shield and the trunk of an elephant which are testimonials of the battle. Legend also has it the barren women who came here and touched the lattice around the rock were blessed with a child.

Indian Veterinary Research Institute
A British legacy, Indian Veterinary Institute is one of the leading advanced research facilities engaging in live stock research and is dedicated to the development of the region. It was established at the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in 1889 at Pune on the recommendation of the Cattle Plague Commission, and was later relocated to Mukteshwar in 1893. Further, it was developed into the Indian Veterinary research Institute. There is a library and museum as well inside the institute campus.

Mukteshwar Inspection Bungalow
The PWD inspection Bungalow in Mukteshwar is an architectural wonder. It is situated close to the Mukteshwar temple and is a landmark in the town. The bungalow has lush green surroundings and beautiful views which makes it a must-see in the hill station. In fact, it is the perfect place to stay in Mukteshwar if you are halting for a couple of days. Blessed with amazing natural beauty and beautiful architecture, the bungalow has a unique charm.

Fun Activities To Do in Mukteshwar

Trekking
Mukteshwar is famous for trekking trips as it makes for the perfect combination of adventure and fun. Some of the trekking trails are Peora to Mukteswar (8kms), Peora to Almora (16 kms), riverside trek (6 kms) and Binsar to Artola Trek (73 kms). Trekkers can also chart some new trekking paths if they wish to explore the unknown. Don’t forget to put on your trekking shoes and make minimum noise while you trek, so as not to disturb the nature.

Nature Walks
Mukteshwar is the ideal destination for those who want to connect with the nature and absorb its soothing beauty. While it provides for some amazing sightseeing, quite walks in the natural environs have an enticing charm of their own. Nature walks are the best way to rejuvenate your mind and feel afresh. One can go for a long walk in the evening. Early morning nature walks can be the very pleasant to delight in the morning freshness and admire the matchless beauty of the mighty Himalayas.

Rappelling
Rappelling in Mukteshwar can be a fabulous experience. A lot of tourists visit Mukteshwar for the purpose of engaging in rock climbing and rappelling. This can also be coupled with forest picnics or camping to double the fun. Take the necessary equipments along and ensure that you are taking proper protection against danger. Seek the help of professional instructors, if you have not done rappelling before.

Heritage Viewing
The Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Mukteshwar is a legacy of the British reign in India. It is one of the premier institutes in India conducting research on livestock. The tourists can also check out the library and museum inside the institute. There is a PWD inspection bungalow in Mukteshwar which is known for its colonial architecture and is landmark in the hilly town. Visitors can put up in the Bungalow for a day or two for a complete experience.

GETTING TO Mukteshwar

By Air
The nearest airport to Mukteshwar is the Pantnagar Airport, located at a distance of 111 km. Pre-paid taxi services charge around Rs 1700 to drop you till Mukteshwar from the airport. Daily flights connect Pantnagar to Delhi, which is also the nearest international airport from Mukteshwar, connecting it to most of the cities in India as well as abroad.

By Rail
The nearest railway station from Mukteshwar is Kathgodam, which is at a distance of 73 km. Kathgodam is well connected to other major Indian cities of India, by regular trains. After getting down at the station, you can either take a bus or a taxi to reach the scenic hill station of Mukteshwar.

By Road
Mukteshwar is at a distance of 353 km from Delhi, 51 km from Nainital and 42 km from Haldwani. State run bus services connect the other cities of Uttarakhand, such as Kathgodam, with Mukteshwar. Privately-owned luxury buses also run on Delhi-Kathgodam route. Buses can be taken from the Delhi's ISBT Anand Vihar terminal. It takes 8 hrs to reach Kathgodam from Delhi, by road. From Delhi, the route to follow is the one from NH 24 to Rampur and then NH 87 to Ranibagh. From there, take the state highway to Bhowali and then another state highway will take you to Mukteshwar, via Ramgarh.