Andman
History
Information
Tourist Attraction
Excursion
Nicobar
Gettting To There

ABOUT andman
District of Andaman is Northern Part of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and comprises of 550 Islands, Islets and rocks out of which only 26 are inhabited. Some of these islands are large such as Middle Andaman, North Andaman, South Andaman, Baratang and Little Andaman islands. The northern most island is Landfall and southern most Little Andaman. The total area of Andaman District is 6,408 Sq.Kms. The highest point of the territory is also situated in this District at Diglipur. There are four primitive tribes in Andaman District and they have been recognised as belonging to the Negrito stock, namely Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarawas and Sentinelese.

Floating in splendid isolation, east of the Indian mainland is the archipelago of 572 emerald islands, islets and rocks known as Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This Union Territory is stretched over an area of more than 800 kms. from north to south with 36 inhabited islands. Once a hill range extending from Burma(Myanmar) to exotic flowers and birds. The topography of the islands is hilly and abounds in evergreen forests. The sandy beaches on the edge of meandering coastline are fringed with coconut-palms that sway to the rhythm of the sea. The sea around the islands offer excellent scope for water sports. The rare flora and fauna, underwater marine life and corals, with crystal clear water and mangrove-lined creeks, offer a dream-view of the rare gifts of nature. The clean and wide roads, free of filth as well as unpolluted fresh air attract any nature-lover, who seek absolute peace and tranquility in the lap of mother nature. Adventure tourism like trekking, island camping, snorkeling, scuba diving etc., are the real attractions. A visit to these islands is a memorable lifetime experience.

Mythologically, the name Andaman was presumed to be derived from Hanuman, who was known to the Malays as Handuman. Since pre-historic times, these islands were the home of aboriginal tribes. The tribes of the Andaman group of islands are the Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarawas, and Sentinalese, all of Negrito origin, while the tribes of Nicobars are the Nicobarese and Shompens, both of Mongoloid stock. The first settlement by the British took place in 1789, which was later abandoned in 1796. The second settlement was basically a penal settlement, taken up in 1858, after the First War of Independence, followed by the settlement of convicts, Moplas, some criminal tribes from Central and United Provinces, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan, Burma and Sri Lanka as well as ex-servicemen.

In these islands people of all faiths-Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs etc., and of all languages like Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi, Nicobari etc., live together in complete peace and harmony. Inter-religion and inter-regional marriages are common. This amazing racial and cultural mix is correctly described as Mini-India.

Forests are the green gold of the islands. The reserved and protected forests extend over 86% area of the territory and the forest cover is more than 92% About 50% of the forests has been set aside as Tribal Reserves, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, which are inviolate. Luxuriant mangroves, perhaps one of the riches in the world, occupy nearly 11.5% of the territory. More than 150 plant and animal species are endemic in nature. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is rich in corals, varieties of coloured fishes, sea turtles etc., besides other marine life. It is a bird's paradise - more than 271 varieties of birds inhabit the idyllic landscape, out of which 39 are endemic. Megapode, Swiflet, Hornbill and Nicobar, Pigeon are some of the specialties of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

history
There is a reference in the Hindu epic Ramayana, to the monkey-god Hanuman making a stopover in the Andaman while he was en route to Lanka in search of Sita. Aboriginals have inhabited the Islands for thousands of years – but their xenophobia and their belligerence resulted in the area remaining unexplored. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle of ‘Sherlock Holmes’ fame described the islanders in his book, ‘The Sign of Four’, as "perhaps the smallest race upon this earth – fierce, morose and intractable”. Lying on the ancient trade route between Burma and India, the islands were delineated on Ptolemy’s second century a.d. map. The Chinese traveller, I-Tsing who visited India in the seventh century gave a rivetting account of these isles, as did the Venetian explorer Marco Polo.

The place became the naval base of the great Maratha admiral, Kanhoji Angre in the early 18th century. He frequently crossed swords with the Europeans – the British, the Dutch and the Portugese. In 1713, he captured the yacht of the British governor of Bombay, releasing it only after obtaining a hefty ransom. Though attacked later by a combined British/Portugese naval task force, Angre remained undefeated until his death in 1729. The first westerners to set foot on these isles were the Danes in the mid-18 th century.

However, these offshore islands had not escaped the eagle eyes of the British. In 1789, they established a penal colony on South Andaman Island, but had to abandon it seven years later because of the unhygienic living conditions. Finally in 1872, they annexed both groups of islands. However, the only point of settlement developed by the British was Port Blair, which was converted into a prison for convicts serving life terms. For the next 70 years, the atolls remained untouched by time until the Japanese occupied them in World War II. In December 1943, the Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose, who was working in tandem with the Japanese, unfurled the Indian tricolour at Port Blair. However, the territory reverted to the British after the defeat of the Japanese in World War II. Come August 1947, and the English left our shores to go back to their island-nation, while Andaman and Nicobar became part of the dominion of India.

general information

State Capital
Port Blair

Location
Stretches from 6o N to 14o N and 92o E and 94o E longitude.

Area
8,249 sq. km.

Climate
Tropical climate. Andaman and Nicobar Islands come in hot and torrid zone and has no winter season. Rain season lasts for 180 days in a year

Seasons
Summer - January to April and Monsoon - May to December.

Altitude
From sea-level to 732 m above sea level, highest point being Saddle Peak in North Andaman near Kalipur beach.

Topography
Except a few small islands of the Nicobar district, others have rising and falling terrain with main ridges running North-South and spurs running East-West in between the main ridges. The submerged valleys form deep inlets and creeks. Only in Great Nicobar one can see 5 perennial rivers. The islands are surrounded by coral reefs in most parts.

The People
The aborigines can be classified into two main groups. The tribes of Andamans of Negrito origin and the tribes of Nicobar of Mongoloid stock. Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarawas, and Sentinalese reside in the Andamans while only two tribes the Nicobarese and Shompes live in Nicobar. Due to the interaction of some of these tribes with the mainlanders, and the ensuing diseases contracted, they are at a risk of being exterminated. To save these tribes, the government of India has set up protected areas where they can live their original life styles. A couple of tribal groups, especially the Sentinelese (in North Sentinel Island) are even now hostile towards outsiders! However their numbers do not exceed even a few hundredsand they live in protected areas where no one would ever volunteer taking you to.

tourist attraction

Cellular Jail
Cellular Jail, located at Port Blair, is a mute witness to the tortures meted out to the freedom fighters, who were incarcerated in this Jail. The Jail, completed in the year 1906 acquired the name, 'cellular' because it is entirely made up of individual cells for the solitary confinement of the prisoners. It originally was a seven pronged, puce colored building with a Central Tower acting as its fulcrum and a massive structure comprising honey-comb like corridors. The building was subsequently damaged and presently three out of seven prongs are intact. The Jail now a place of pilgrimage for all freedom loving people, has been declared a National Memorial.

The penal settlement established here by the British after the First War of Independence-e in 1857 was the beginning of the agonizing story of the massive and awful Jail at Viper Island followed by the Cellular Jail. The patriots who raised their voice against the British Raj were sent to this Jail, where many perished.

Netaji Subash Chandra Bose hoisted the first Tri-Color on 30th December, 1943 at a place near this Jail. During the 50th year of India's Independence, the living freedom fighters and widows of the freedom fighters, who were incarcerated in the Cellular Jail were honored by the President of India on 30th December, 1997. A commemorative coin and a postal stamp on Cellular Jail were also released on this occasion.

The saga of the heroic freedom struggle is brought alive in a moving Son-et-Lumiere' shown daily at 6.00 PM (Hindi) and 7.15 PM (English). Also there is a Museum and an Art Gallery which is open on all days except Monday from 9.00 AM to 12 Noon and 2.00 PM to 5.00 PM.

Andaman water sports complex
This is a unique sports complex in India in its own kind. There are facilities for safe Water Sports such as Rowing Boats, Paddle Boats, Kayaks, Aqua-cycle, Aqua-glide, Bumper boats, etc., and Adventure water sports such as Water-skiing, Water scooters, Gemini boats, Para-sailing, Sail boats, Wind-surfers, Speed boats, Glass-bottom boats, etc., There are Saline Water Swimming Pool, Nature-walk, Change Room, Food Plaza, also. There is a Memorial built to commemorate the Battle of Aberdeen, fought between the British and Andamane aborigines in May, 1859, in which many Andamanese died. There is an artificial water-fall nearby.

Children's traffic park
This park near Aberdeen Water Sports Complex, is set up by the Traffic Police to educate young children about the traffic rules. There is a Toy Train nearby.

Gandhi park
This beautiful Park at Port Blair has facilities like children's park, amusement park, entertainment park, deer and bird park, water sports, nature trail,, lake, garden, restaurant and Japanese temple, as well as a bunker. The erstwhile Dilthaman Tank, which was the only source of drinking water to Port Blair has been developed into Gandhi Park in an unbelievably short time of 13 days.

Corbyn's Cove
Corbyn's Cove, 7 Kms., from the town, is the coconut-palm fringed beach, ideal for swimming, surfing and sun-basking. Facilities like water sports, restaurant and bar, change room, etc., are also available.

The Chatham Saw Mill
The Chatham Saw Mill, one of the oldest and largest mills in Asia, built on a tiny island, is connected to Port Blair by a bridge. It is a store-house of timber like Padauk, Gurjan, Marble, Satin Wood, etc. The island has the second largest wharf of these islands, where island-mainland ships can berth.

Ross Island
At the mouth of the Port Blair port lies the 0.6 sq km Ross Island covered by small creeks. In the past, the administrative headquarters of the British were here as well as the residence of the British Chief Commissioner. In 1941 the island was devastated by an earthquake and in 1942 it was occupied by the Japanese. The British recaptured it in 1945 but the headquarters were no longer at Ross, which became uninhabited, bearing only a light house, church, cemetery and tennis court to remind one of the past, standing as reminders of the British and Japanese colonialization of the island. Thiere is also a natural zoo here in the forests of about 200 ft high garj an trees where spotted deer and peacocks welcome passers by. In the coastal area you can see corals and trepper's conch shells. Ross Island is open to Indians and non-Indians alike.

Every day except Wednesdays, at 8-30, 10-30, 12-30, 14-15 and 16-30 hr launches take passengers to Ross Island from the Phoenix Bay Jetty below Haddo, the journey by water taking 25 mins. Passengers are given 2 hr to see around and revel in past reminiscences. Though drinking water is available during this tour, you should carry food with you. Tickets are available at the jetty.

Viper Island
Viper Island is very near to Port Blair and was the old Jail were British's used to harbor convicts. It has ruins of gallows atop a hillock. The Jail was abandoned when the Cellular Jail was constructed in 1906.

Parrot Island
It is a tiny island situated near Baratang. It's a home to thousands of parrots. During sunset, thousands of parrots will come in groups to settle in that island. The landing of parrots can be viewed from boats and it's a wonderful experience to watch such a huge number of parrots landing there. Totally, Baratang is a nature of lover's paradise

Neil Island
Neil is one of the islands chosen by the government to turn into a luxurious tourist destination. The coral reef here is still intact and is what makes snorkeling a great pleasure here. This island is situated just 36kms away from port Blair. This island is also called the vegetable bowl of Andaman. It provides an ideal holiday for eco-friendly tourists. Laxmanpur, Bharatpur, Sitanagar beaches are the name of the beaches situated here. This beautiful island with lush green forest and sandy beaches is connected by boat from Port Blair, four days a week. It provides an ideal holiday for Eco-friendly tourists.

Anthropological Museum
Above middle point on the way to Haddo, at Phoenix Bay is the AnthropologicalMuseum (open from 9-00-16-00 hr) on all days except Saturdays and holidays. Here, models and photographs unfold the lifestyle of the islanders and the social sciences in the past. Also on display are various local handicrafts.

Fisheries Museum
The Fisheries Museum is situated along the coast by the side of the prison and Gymkhana Grounds. It has a considerable collection of crocodiles, sharks, dolphins, prawns, crabs and 350 more species of marine fauna and shells. A major attraction of the island, the museum, remains open from 8-30-12-30 and 13-30-17-00 on all days except Sundays.

Naval Marina Museum
This museum in Delanipur is a major tourist spot in Andaman, displaying more than 350 species of marine fauna and marine products. The museum is also a repository of information on the islands. Open from 8-30-12-30 & 13-30-17-00.

Chatham Saw Mill
2 km north of Haddo is the Chatham Saw Mill the oldest and largest mill in Asia. To go to island like Chatham, you have to cross the bridge over a creek. Here you can see various rare tropical trees, paduk, marble and satins. More than a thousand employees are at work here. They have a show room at Haddo too. All ships from Calcutta go via Chatham.

Cottage Industries Emporium (Zoological Museum)
On the south-west of Marine Park in Middle Point at the heart of the city is the Zoological Museum. Nearby is the Cottage Industries Emporium where you can both admire and buy pearl, conch shell and wooden art efacts made by the islanders.

places for excursion

Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
Kept in splendid isolation from Indian mainland are the emerald isles of Andaman and Nicobar, a rare testimony to nature’s brilliance. These huge cluster of small and large islands crowning the Bay of Bengal boast of immense bio diversity (both Terrestrial and Marine) that inspire Eco-tourism profusely. One of the prime attractions of the area is the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park with its world famous coral reefs. The park is a combination of 15 lush green islands, creeks and open sea space that spreads over 280-sq. km. of sheer mangrove forests, tropical jungles, sandy beaches and exotic marine life under crystal clear water.

A view down into the water through glass-bottomed boat will leaves you with an entireworld of underwater kingdom vying against the colors of Rainbow. For the most enthusiasts there are facilities for snorkelling or even options of deep-water scuba diving to discover the brilliance of nature beneath the sea. The park is famous for its rich marine life that include variety of underwater coral reefs, colorful fishes, shells, starfish, sea anemones, salt-water crocodile, turtles, sharks and water snakes.

Corals form the main attraction of the marine park. These great microcosms of life and color play a vital role in maintaining the health of the surrounding eco-system. But today their own life is subjected to unprecedented crisis owing to human intervention, extensive fishing and global warming. Efforts are being implemented to keep them intact in their pure natural surrounding unspoiled and untouched. And ‘Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park’ is one of the few such areas that protect this incredible underwater splendor. Some important varieties of coral found in the park are pocillopora, montipora, acropora, leptoseris, fungia, porites, gorgonians and tubipora.

There are also a good number of terrestrial lives found in the park like mammals, wild boar, spotted deer, civet and the fruit bat. Among the reptiles of the area, the most commonly found are the krait, cobra, king cobra, vine snake and python. Beside the park is also a favorite hunt for bird watchers. Some of the common avian species around the area include the local serpent eagle, white bellied sea eagle, local teal, whistling teal, pigeon, dove, tern, kingfisher, wader, swift, reef heron and parakeet.

Jolly Buoy, Redskin and Cinque are the most frequented islands of the park. The park is located at Wandoor, just 30 km away from Port Blair Airport. October to May forms the ideal season for visitors. Accommodations are mostly in the form of forest rest houses, which are available only after taking special permission for overnight stay.

Little Andaman Waterfalls
White Surf - 6.5 Km from the Hut Bay Jetty, this eater fall in the midst of the evergreen rainforest is an ideal pic-nic spot. Whisper Wave: 25 Kms from the Hut Bay Jetty this waterfall is also in the midst of the jungle. Journey to this waterfall includes 4 Kms. Trekking through the forest.

Mount Harriet
The summer headquarters of the Chief Commissioner during British Raj, it is an ideal place for a nice and fascinating view of the sun, sea and sand. It is 365 meters high, the highest peak in the South Andamans. One can trek upto Madhuban through a nature trail and can find rare flora and fauna, endemic birds, animals and butterflies. Conducted tours to Mt. Harriet are available from Andaman Teal House. Mt. Harriet to Madhuban offers the awesome trekking trail, the complete track is lined with rich and meager forest life, flora and fauna. Trekking equipment and tents are available on hire from Andaman Teal House. (55 km, by road/15 km by ferry from Port Blair)

Mini Zoo
Situated in Haddo, Port Blair, it houses some of the rare species of endemic birds and animals found in these islands.

Madhuban
This place is a trekking area, north east of South Andaman. Exotic endemic birds, animals, butterflies, and elephant lumbering are the most interesting part of the trek. (75 kms. by road/20 kms. by ferry and road from Port Blair)

Sippighat Farm
Sprawling over an area of 80 acres is a Government farm. Research & development programs for cultivation of spices like cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, coconut and Ruins in Ross Island pepper are conducted.

Jolly Buoy
An island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, it offers a breath taking underwater view of coral and marine life. It is an ideal place for snorkeling, sea bathing and basking on the sun kissed beach.

Cinque Island
The lure of underwater coral gardens and unspoiled beaches specially a sand bar joining two islands are irresistible. Super place for SCUBA diving, swimming, fishing and Camping.

Red Skin Island
Another island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park has a nice beach and offers spectacular view of corals and marine life.

about Nicobar Islands
The Nicobar Islands are separated from the Andaman Islands by the ten-degree channel. It comprises of 28 islands measuring about 1841 sq .kms. The Nicobar Islands are abounding in coconut palm, casuarinas, pandanus, etc. The giant robber crab, monkeys with long tail, nicobari pigeon, megapode are found in Nicobar Islands. The south most part of India, the Indira point is found in great Nicobar. Foreigners are not allowed to visit this island. Indians are also given permission only in exceptional cases.

tourist attraction

Car Nicobar - (270 kms by sea from Port Blair)
Car Nicobar is the headquarters of Nicobar district. It is a fertile island covered with coconut palms and beautiful beaches.

Katchal - (425 kms by sea from Port Blair)
This is a tiny island in the Nicobar group.the first sunrise of the millenium at katchal has brought the nadman and nicobar islands in limelight further of the best tourist destinations of india. This island has wonderful beaches at east bay, jhula, etc.

Great Nicobar - (540 kms by sea)
This island is the south most tip of India. Many would have believed that south most tip of India is Kanyakumari but actually its Indira point in great Nicobar. This is a turtle nesting ground for Giant leather back turtles. This island also has a biosphere reserve area.The above tourist places makes andaman and nicobar islands a wonderful destination for all kind of travellers.

getting to andman nicobar

By Air
The only airstrip in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is at Port Blair. There are regular flights for Port Blair from Calcutta and Chennai. The flight takes about 2 hours from either of these two cities.Indian Airlines and a couple of private airlines fly on these routes a couple of times each week.

By Sea
Calcutta , Chennai, and Visakhapatnam are the entry points by sea. Ships set sail about 4 times every month from Chennai and Calcutta and once every month from Visakhapatnam. The journey takes 60 hours from Chennai, 66 hours from Calcutta, and 56 hours from Visakhapatnam.Bookings begin one month in advance and the tickets are issued 3 days before sailing. The ships are organised and managed by the shipping corporation of India.

ABOUT HARIDWAR
Haridwar stands as the gateway to the four pilgrimages of Uttranchal. Geographically and geological, Haridwar, lying at the feet of Shiva's hills, i.e., Shivaliks, in the Haridwar district of Uttranchal Pradesh, is a doorway. " According to Hindu mythology Haridwar was known as Kapilsthan. Legend has it that the ancestors of Raja Bhagirath, were consumed by fire at this spot following a curse of Rishi Kapil. For their salvation Raja Bhagirath requested the Ganga to descend on Earth. Haridwar is also famous by the names of Gangadwar Mokshadwar, Tapovan and Mayapuri. It is at Haridwar that the Ganga finally emerges into the northern plains. Haridwar has earned fame as being the place which has been blessed by the trinity of Lord Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. It is also one of the major Shaktipeeths. People prefer taking bath on the numerous ghats built on the river shores. It is said that taking bath here purifies the soul and opens the way for the ultimate freedom, Nirvana. Down the ages, Haridwar has purified the mind, the body and the soul. Not only in spiritual or religious terms Haridwar has come up as a major learning center for arts, science and culture.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Har ki Pauri
This most sacred Ghat was built by King Vikramaditya in memory of his brother Bhatrihari, who is said to have meditated on the banks of Ganga in Haridwar. It is also known as Brahamakund and is the site for the famous Kumbh Mela. Large number of devotees take a holy dip in Ganga over here.

The evening Ganga Aarti provides a truly enchanting experience as large lumber of ornate oil lamps (diyas) with dozens of flames burning in pure ghee are offered to Mother Ganga accompanied with devotional songs and prayers. A temple on the river bank here is said to have an imprint of Lord Hari's footprint.

Canal Centenary Bridge
It affords a panoramic view of the ghats and Ganga canal.

Maya Devi Temple
The ancient temple is dedicated to Goddess Maya Devi, the Adhisthatri deity of Haridwar. It is regarded as one of the Siddhapeethas and according to mythology the heart and navel of Goddess Sati had fallen over here.

Mansa Devi Temple
It is perched atop the Bilwa Parwat and can be reached by a rope-way with its brightly coloured cable cars or on foot. A statue of the Goddess here has three mouths and five arms, while the other one has eight arms. The temple commands a fine view of Haridwar.

Daksha Mahadev Temple
This ancient Shiva (Mahadev) temple is located in the south Kankhal town. The mythological legends state that King Daksha Prajapati, the father of Sati (Lord Shiva's consort) performed a yagya here, but didn't invite Lord Shiva. Sati was offended by her father's behaviour and sacrificed her life by jumping into the fire of yagya. Infuriated Lord Shiva killed King Daksha, but later brought him back to life.

Chandi Devi Temple
It is set atop Neel Parvat on the banks of Ganga. The shrine was built by Suchat Singh, the king of Kashmir in 1929, but the main statue is said to be established by the Adi Shankaracharya in 8th century. According to a legend Goddess Chandi killed demons Chanda - Munda, the army chief of demon kings Shumbh Nisnumbha here. The temple is 3 kms trek from Chandighat.

Sapt Rishi Ashram and Sapt Sarovar
The legendary site is said to be the place where Saptarshis (seven sages) meditated and river Ganga, not wanting to disturb them split herself into seven streams (Sapt Sarovar) around them.

Gurukul Kangri University
This old centre of herbal medicine and traditional studies is located on the Haridwar-Jwalapur bypass road. The Ved Mandir Museum here exhibits archaeological exhibits.

Other places of interest
Kanva Rishi Ashram; Bilkeshwar Mahadev; Pawan Oham; Bhooma Niketan; Vaishnav Oevi Temple; Doodhadhari Temple; Shahi Gurudwara; Jairam Ashram.

Rajaji National Park(Chilla)
The park endowed with pristine beauty and rich bio-diversity covers an area of 820 sq. kms on the edge of the Doon Valley about 10 kms from Haridwar. It was established in 1996 and has over 23 species of mammals and 315 avifauna species. It is a safe haven for elephant, tiger, panther, bear, chital, sambar, wild boar, barking deer, python, monitor lizard etc.

Elephants are available for wildlife viewing at Chilla and Dholkand.

Piran Kaliyar
It is 23 kms south of Haridwar, on the outskirts of Roorkee, an important educational centre. The 'Dargah' of Hazrat Makhdum Allauddin Ali Ahmed Shah 'Sabir' here is a shining example of communal harmony and peace. It is believed that the wishes of the devout are fulfiled here and large number of devotees from all faiths and religions visit the dargah from all over the world. The annual Urs is celebrated from 1 st day of sighting the moon to 16th day of Rabeeull month Islamic calender.

GETTING TO Haridwar

By Air
Nearest airport for Haridwar isJolly Grant at Dehradun - 41 kms

By Rail
Connected with major cities of India- Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Agra, Varanasi, Allahabad, Ujjain, Amritser, Dehradun, Lucknow, etc.

By Road
Hardwar lies on N. H. 45 and is connected to all major cities. Delhi - 214 kms, Agra -386 kms, Ambala -168 kms, Badrinath - 325 kms, Dehradun - 52 kms, Kedarnath - 250 kms, Saharanpur - 81 kms, Nainital - 286 kms

ABOUT RISHIKESH
Rishikesh, also known as the 'place of sages' is Haridwar, at the confluence of the Chandrabhaga and Ganga. It is believed that God by the name of 'Hrishikesh' had appeared as an answer to the hard penances by Rabhiya Rishi and henceforth the place derived its name. It is the starting point for the Char dham pilgrims but also for the people who are interested in meditation, yoga and other aspects of Hinduism.

For the adventure seekers, rishikesh is the suggested place for starting their trekking expeditions to the Himalayan peaks and for rafting. Also, International Yoga Week which attracts participation form across the world, is held here, every year, in February on the banks of the Ganga.

Rishikesh is one of the most popular pilgrim centres and gateway to the Himalayan Shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. The Yoga Centres of Rishikesh have enhanced the significance of the place. From this point on, the great Ganges leaves behind her mountain home and enters the vast plains of Northern India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Bharat Mandir
The Bharat Mandir is the oldest temple in Rishikesh, near the Triveni Ghat. This temple is dedicated to Bharat, the younger brother of Lord Ram.

Kailash Niketan Temple
This is the main temple at Laxman Jhool and one can see the sculptures of all Gods and Goddesses in this thirteen storey mansion.

Satya Narayan Temple
The idol of Lord Satyanarayan has been enshrined inside the temple located enroute to Rishikesh, 10 kms. away from Hardwar. The visitors use this place as a station to halt for a casual worship.

Shatrughan Temple
This is an ancient temple dedicated to Shatrughan, Lord Ram's brother and is situated 5 kms. away from Rishikesh.

Neelkanth Mahadev
The Neelkanth Temple is situated on top of a hill across the Ganga. According to mythodology, after the Sagar Manthan Lord Shiva drank all the effluent venom here, which turned his throat blue, hence the name Neelkanth.

Triveni Ghat
Eveningaarti of Goddess Ganga is performed at Triveni Ghat. Triveni is a bathing Ghat where people wash their sins by taking a dip in the holy water of sacred Ganga River. It is believed that the three streams of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati are flowing together underground at this point.Pinda Shradhais also performed at Triveni Ghat.

Rishikund
Rishikund literally suggests the sage's pond. It is believed that the waters of the Yamuna drenched this pond on the request of Kubz saint. Shani mandir is also situated at Rishikund.

Laxman Jhula
Lakshman Jhula is on of the main attraction of Rishikesh. It is 450 ft long hanging bridge on the river Ganga which was built in 1939. According to myths and legends Laksman, brother of Lord Rama crossed Ganga River on a jute rope from this point. The 13 storied temple is located near Lakshman Jhula where the idols of several Gods and Goddesses are kept. The bridge gives a magnificent view of the Ganges, greeting you with the cool breeze from the river.

Ram Jhula
Ram Jhoola connects Swargashram with Shivananda Ashram. Several ashrams are located near Ram Jhoola. Ram Jhoola is bigger than Laxman Jhula and even more picturesque.

Geeta Bhawan
Geeta Bhawan is one of the oldest temple complexes situated by the side of Laxman Jhula on the banks of sacred Ganges in Rishikesh. Gita Bhavan is dedicated as a Museum for puranic and mythological awareness for the common public. Building consists of a very large complex comprising discourse halls and over 1000 rooms available free of charge for the stay of devotees. For the convenience of the devotees, simple vegetarian food, kitchen and grocery items and Indian sweets are available at very moderate price.

GETTING TO RISHIKESH

By Road
Rishikesh is 230 km north of Delhi and is well connected by Road from nearby cities. Regular state transport buses are available from Delhi's Kashmere Gate ISBT.

By Rail
The convenient rail head is at Haridwar, 25 km away. Rishikesh has a railway station too.

By Air
The nearest airport to Rishikesh is Jolly Grant (near Dehradun) Approx 46 Kms

ABOUT ALMORA
Almora is a magnificent town with a long history. The Kashaya Hill on which the town is built finds amention in the scripture of the Skanda Purana. In 1560 Raja Kalyan Chand of Kumaon made it the capital of his kingdom. At that time it was called Rajapur and ancient inscriptions on many places still have Rajapur carved on them. The rule of the Chand dynasty came to an end after the gorkhas from Nepal occupied the area in 1790. The British defeated the Gorkhas in 1815, and established a small Army and a Cantonment.

The Almora Bazaar is 1.5 Km. long covered with Kota stone slabs which have replaced the traditional hundred year old patals (old stone slabs). The streets of the bazaar are a delight to walk through. Houses and shops align the narrow streets that bustle with activity in the evenings. The traditional architecture is very much in evidence here as one spots carved doors and windows. Some of the best examples of the old styles of architecture can be found in Khazanchi Mohalla, an area which once belonged to the state treasurers. As you walk on the cobblestone path, the markets change from Lala Bazar at one end to Thana Bazar on the other. In between are Karkhana Bazar, Khajanchi Mohalla, Jauhari Mohalla, Malli Bazar and Tamta Mohalla. Tamta Mohalla is just short of the Cantonment. One of the traditional crafts of Almora is copperware and some of the best coppersmiths still work from their traditional area in Tamta Mohalla. As you walk through this area the air reverberates with the sound of wooden hammers on metal and one can spot the Tamta community at work carving exquisite brass utensils and decorative items.

History
History of Almora can be traced back to ancient times of Mahabharata. However, the earliest historical account of the place is provided by a Chinese pilgrim of seventh century. The pilgrim wrote in great detail about a kingdom called ‘Brahmaputra’.

A kingdom was first established in this area by the Katyuri dynasty. The Katyuri dynasty reigned from Dwarahat in katurya Valley. During those times, there was a small settlement in this are, not much of any political significance.

King Baichaldeo of the Katyuri dynasty, who reined in the region where present day Almora is located, donated major part of this land to a Gujarati Brahmin by name Sri Chand Tiwari.

In later times, during rule of Chand dynasty, Almora was founded around 1560 by Kalyanchand at this place which he called ‘Alam Nagar’. It was also called ‘Rajpur’.

Interestingly, the mountain on which Almora is located is described in a famous Hindu epic - Manaskhand. It reads thus:
"Kaushiki Shalmali Madhyey Punyah Kashaya Parwatah Tasy Paschim Bhagam Kshetra Vishnyo Pratishthtam"

The name 'Rajpur' finds mention on numerous copper plates found in this area. An important reason for the Chand rulers to establish a settlement here was a number of natural spring water sources that this place harbors. Later, they even transferred there capital here.

In 1744 during the raid by Ali Muhammad Khan Rohilla, Almora was taken over from Chand dynasty. However, unable to bear the hardships of living in the hills, the Rohillas chiefs, placed by Ali Mohammad Khan Rohilla, returned Almora for a heavy bribe of three lakh rupees.

Ali Mohammad, dissatisfied with the conduct of his commanders, attacked Almora again in 1745. However, this time the Rohillas were defeated. They never came back again.

In 1790, Almora was conquered by the Gurkhas who ruled it for the next 24 years until it was taken over by the British in 1815. Today, Almora is a primary center for trade and other activities – social, cultural, political- and is a district place of Uttarakhand State in India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Govind Vallabh Pant Public Museum
Govind Vallabh Pant Public Museum near Almora bus stand is worth paying a visit owing to its rich collection of items relating to the history, archeology and cultural significance. The rich collection of this museum takes you on a journey of different phases of history of Almora. 'Apen' is a folk style of painting found in this region and can be seen here in this museum in its various aspects.

Bright & Corner
This place could be your silent retreat to find yourself in the mountains. The place is famous for its view at sunrise and sunset. The place is unusually calm. It is said that the peacefulness of this place can not be matched with any other hill station. One can visit the circuit house nearby which also has a serene setting. For those in love with philosophy and spirituality, there is no better place. Nearby is Vivekananda Library in Ramakrishna Kutir. Swami Vivekananda had stayed here during the time he spent in Himalayas.

Simtola
It is a beautiful place 5 kms from Almora. The place enchants with its picture postcard view, miles of terrain with beautiful hills lined with pine and fur trees. Lying on the opposite side of the horseshoe ridge, Simtola is a quite picnic spot. While visiting Simtola, you can also pay a visit to the nearby Hiradungi which used to be a diamond mine and the beautiful 'Granite Hill' close by.

Khajanchi Mohalla
Khajanchi Mohalla literally means treasurer's area. You can visit the area for glimpses of old style architecture. The area dates back to the times of kings in Almora, it then belonged to the state treasurers.

Tamta Mohalla
Tamta Mohalla in the old city in earlier times belonged to the coppersmiths. Coppperware is still one of the popular crafts of Almora and the place is still inhabited by large number of coppersmiths.

Collectorate
This is the old Almora fort located at the highest point of Almora bazaar. As you cross the Mall and the Almora bazaars, there is the Collectorate. Climb up here to get a view of the Almora and the nearby mountain ranges.

Martola
It is a beautiful place just 10 kms from Almora. Complete with gardens and forests, the place has good scenic beauty. Many foreigners who came here liked the place so much that they settled here. A good picnic trip can be made here.

Koshi
A place of unsurpassed beauty, Koshi lies 12 kms from Almora. A stay here can be arranged at the circuit house. Besides there is also Govind Vallabh Pant Research Institute here.

Pilgrimage

Nanda Devi Temple
The exact date when this temple was made is not known but it is believed to be hundreds of years old. People of this region and around have deep faith in this temple and it shows. Its the most famous temple around with thousands of pilgrims paying it a visit every year. Naina Devi was the patron goddess of Chandravanshi kings. This is the most famous place in Almora, it is as if old Almora lies preserved here. The temple stands in the antechamber of Shiva temple. Walls of the temple have been intricately carved attractively with true to life images. Nanda Devi Fair held here in the month of September draws large crowds.

Chetai Temple
This is the sacred temple of Golu Devta, 6 Kilometres from Almora perched on a hilltop. Golu Devta was deified general of Chand dynasty that once ruled Almora. The temple has his shrine. Devotees, as thanksgiving offer bells here which are decorated on the canopy of these bells. Surrounded by fur and pine tree forest, a visit to this temple will prove beneficial for nature lovers. The temple bears strong faith among the locals here and goats are sacrificed here in front of the deity.

Kalimath
To take a good view of Almora town, Kalimath is ideal, just 4.5 kilometres from Almora. There is also a temple of Kasar Devi here. Amazingly true, the temple dates back to second century.

Katarmal
Next to the Konark temple of Orissa, Katarmal's sun temple is the most significant sun temple. This 800 year old temple has not received the kind of attention it deserves. Katarmal is 17 kilometres from Almora and worth paying a visit. Though the place is in ruins due to neglect but you will see some interesting architecture and intricate images carved out on walls.

Excursions

Jageshwar
Thirty four kilometres from Almora is this famous temple of Jageshwar. This temple is counted among the 12 jyotirlings of the country. There are more than 100 large and smalls shrines in the complex, of them three shrines of Jageshwar, Mrityunjaya and Pushtidevi are notable for their sculptures. Jageshwar lies in a narrow valley surrounded by large deodars.

Gannath
This place 47 kilometres from Almora is blessed by nature and is ideal for a day's excursions. There are also some natural caves and ancient temples of lord Shiva here for you to explore. A fair held here on Kartik Purnima.

Bageshwar
Ninety kilometres from Almora is the commercial hub of Kumaon region called Bageshwar. Located on the bank of river Saryu, the place gets its name from the temple of Lord Bagnath here. It is a 14th century temple and close to Pindari glacier. These two reasons are enough to attract visitors here.

Baijnath
Baijnath is a historically significant place. 71 kilometres from Almora, this place has many 12th and 13th century temples built during Katyur dynasty. These temples of archaeological and historical importance are dedicated to Lord Shiva, Parvati and Ganesha. Located on the coast of Gomti river, those interested in historical architecture must visit them.

Other Attractions

Fairs And Festivals
Almora is a land of rich culture and tradition which has been well preserved and passed on from one generation to another. It is a land of fairs and festivals. Not a month passes without any fair or festival and people of Almora hold close to their hearts their religious values.

Nanda Devi Festival is the most famous of all celebrated in the month of September. Celebrated with great joy here near Nanda Devi temple, a fair is also held during the same time. The magnitude of the festival can be realised by the fact that 25,000 people come to attend the festival.

Another important festival celebrated around the place is Uttraini festival celebrated in January and a week long fair accompanies it. This is the most popular fair in the entire region. People from mountains and plains come here in this festival and fair organised in Bageshwar, 90 kms from Almora.

Jageshwar monsoon festival is celebrated in the month of July and August. The festival is very significant from religious and historical point of view. Each day during the festival, approximately 1000 tourists pay visit to Jageshwar temple. Dushhera, the famous Hindu festival is another important festival here and is celebrated in a unique manner drawing large crowds from far and wide. Almora being so culturally active and rich has many many other fairs and festivals round the year.

Handicrafts
Pashmina shawls, woolen products like shawls, chutka, carpets and thulma are very popular here. One can also easily get products of ringal like musta and dalia. Apart from that in local art, you will get Kumaon Folk art, decorative candles, drift wood products like ekebanas, statues etc. Copper ware is also very famous here, the city's connection with coppersmiths dates centuries back.

GETTING TO Almora

By Air
The closest airport is Pantnagar, 127 kilometres from Almora. Flights are available during summers .

By Rail
The closest railhead is Kathgodam (90 kms) which is well connected by trains to Delhi, Lucknow, Dehradun, Agra, Bareilly and Kolkatta.

By Road
Buses ply between Almora and Delhi (380 kms.), Lucknow (466 kms.), Dehradun (415 kms) and other important places. Otherwise one can also travel up to Nainital by bus as it is better connected and take buses from there for Almora.

ABOUT MUKTESHWAR
Mukteshwar is a small town, and one of the most-sought tourist destinations, in the Kuma on hills of Uttarakhand. It is situated at an altitude of 7,500 ft above sea level and is famous for the wonderful 180-degree view of the captivating snow capped mountain ranges that it provides. The second highest mountain-peak of India, Nanda Devi, is also visible from Mukteshwar. The other ranges one can see from Mukteshwar are Neelkantha (Blue-throated Shiva), Trishul (Shiva’s Trident), Nanadaghunti (the Veil of the Goddess), and the Panchuli Group.

Apart from the scenic vistas of mountain ranges it provides, Mukteswar is also famous for its beautiful orchards, dense coniferous forests and old colonial bungalows. One of the most famous attractions of this place is the Shiva Temple, known as ‘Mukteshwar Dham’, after which the entire region was named Mukteshwar. A 350-year-old temple, it is situated at the highest point in Mukteshwar. The temple consists of a beautiful white marble Shiva lingam. Other than this, one can also visit Chauli-ki-Jali, a site marked by mountain-rocks that project out from the hill at a bizarre angle.

Chauli-ki-Jali also provides opportunities for rock climbing and rappelling. It promises to offer astonishing views of many scavenger birds, pouncing down on their praise, as well. According to the local belief, the wishes made here are certainly fulfilled. When in Mukteshwar, you can also visit the sunrise point at PWD guest house and have a mesmerizing experience of dawn. People interested in science and technologies have two more places to visit in Mukteshwar, the Indian Veterinary Research Institute and ‘Renewable Park’, developed by Energy and Research Institute of India.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

Mukteshwar Temple
One of the sacred places to visit in the area is the Mukteshwar temple. Dedicated to lord Shiva, it is a legendary pilgrimage and Mukteshwar has acquired its name from the name of the temple. It is situated at the top of a hill and can be reached by climbing a series of steep stone stairs. For those who are deeply religious, trekking to the temple can be a heavenly experience, in part because of the natural splendor of the place. The temple is adorned with a marble Shivling and idols of some other Hindu deities.

Chauthi Jali
It is a historical place which is also called Chauli Ki Jali by the locals and is situated adjacent to the Mukteshwar temple. Mythology believes that a demon and a goddess had fought a battle in this place and bleak outlines in the place are to be seen which resemble a shield and the trunk of an elephant which are testimonials of the battle. Legend also has it the barren women who came here and touched the lattice around the rock were blessed with a child.

Indian Veterinary Research Institute
A British legacy, Indian Veterinary Institute is one of the leading advanced research facilities engaging in live stock research and is dedicated to the development of the region. It was established at the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in 1889 at Pune on the recommendation of the Cattle Plague Commission, and was later relocated to Mukteshwar in 1893. Further, it was developed into the Indian Veterinary research Institute. There is a library and museum as well inside the institute campus.

Mukteshwar Inspection Bungalow
The PWD inspection Bungalow in Mukteshwar is an architectural wonder. It is situated close to the Mukteshwar temple and is a landmark in the town. The bungalow has lush green surroundings and beautiful views which makes it a must-see in the hill station. In fact, it is the perfect place to stay in Mukteshwar if you are halting for a couple of days. Blessed with amazing natural beauty and beautiful architecture, the bungalow has a unique charm.

Fun Activities To Do in Mukteshwar

Trekking
Mukteshwar is famous for trekking trips as it makes for the perfect combination of adventure and fun. Some of the trekking trails are Peora to Mukteswar (8kms), Peora to Almora (16 kms), riverside trek (6 kms) and Binsar to Artola Trek (73 kms). Trekkers can also chart some new trekking paths if they wish to explore the unknown. Don’t forget to put on your trekking shoes and make minimum noise while you trek, so as not to disturb the nature.

Nature Walks
Mukteshwar is the ideal destination for those who want to connect with the nature and absorb its soothing beauty. While it provides for some amazing sightseeing, quite walks in the natural environs have an enticing charm of their own. Nature walks are the best way to rejuvenate your mind and feel afresh. One can go for a long walk in the evening. Early morning nature walks can be the very pleasant to delight in the morning freshness and admire the matchless beauty of the mighty Himalayas.

Rappelling
Rappelling in Mukteshwar can be a fabulous experience. A lot of tourists visit Mukteshwar for the purpose of engaging in rock climbing and rappelling. This can also be coupled with forest picnics or camping to double the fun. Take the necessary equipments along and ensure that you are taking proper protection against danger. Seek the help of professional instructors, if you have not done rappelling before.

Heritage Viewing
The Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Mukteshwar is a legacy of the British reign in India. It is one of the premier institutes in India conducting research on livestock. The tourists can also check out the library and museum inside the institute. There is a PWD inspection bungalow in Mukteshwar which is known for its colonial architecture and is landmark in the hilly town. Visitors can put up in the Bungalow for a day or two for a complete experience.

GETTING TO Mukteshwar

By Air
The nearest airport to Mukteshwar is the Pantnagar Airport, located at a distance of 111 km. Pre-paid taxi services charge around Rs 1700 to drop you till Mukteshwar from the airport. Daily flights connect Pantnagar to Delhi, which is also the nearest international airport from Mukteshwar, connecting it to most of the cities in India as well as abroad.

By Rail
The nearest railway station from Mukteshwar is Kathgodam, which is at a distance of 73 km. Kathgodam is well connected to other major Indian cities of India, by regular trains. After getting down at the station, you can either take a bus or a taxi to reach the scenic hill station of Mukteshwar.

By Road
Mukteshwar is at a distance of 353 km from Delhi, 51 km from Nainital and 42 km from Haldwani. State run bus services connect the other cities of Uttarakhand, such as Kathgodam, with Mukteshwar. Privately-owned luxury buses also run on Delhi-Kathgodam route. Buses can be taken from the Delhi's ISBT Anand Vihar terminal. It takes 8 hrs to reach Kathgodam from Delhi, by road. From Delhi, the route to follow is the one from NH 24 to Rampur and then NH 87 to Ranibagh. From there, take the state highway to Bhowali and then another state highway will take you to Mukteshwar, via Ramgarh.